“…Other studies have pointed to the correlation between participation in national days and national identity (Coopmans, Lubbers, & Meuleman ; Fozdar, Spittles, & Hartley, ; Meuleman & Lubbers, ). However, the underlying assumption that national days have a significant influence on national identity has rarely been subject to empirical investigation—only a few studies have tested the casual impact of national days, and their results are inconclusive (Ariely, ; de Regt, ). Further, while scholars have assumed that national days impact collective memory, there are no systematic analyses of this presumed relationship.…”