On the fatigue response of a bonded repaired aerospace composite using thermography

Grammatikos, Sotirios; Kordatos, E. Z.; Matikas, Theodore E.; Paipetis, Alkiviadis S.

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.01.035

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The temperature signal is often collected using a thermocouple. Since the fault can cause the temperature of machinery increase, recent research has shown the temperature signal carries rich diagnostic information for CM of rotating machinery [23,24,25]. The thermal camera, as an IRT image-measuring device, can measure the surface temperature of the object without contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Gearbox Condition Monitoring Using Infrared Thermal Images Applied with Convolutional Neural Networks

Zhen

et al. 2019

Sensors

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As an important machine component, the gearbox is widely used in industry for power transmission. Condition monitoring (CM) of a gearbox is critical to provide timely information for undertaking necessary maintenance actions. Massive research efforts have been made in the last two decades to develop vibration-based techniques. However, vibration-based methods usually include several inherent shortages including contact measurement, localized information, noise contamination, and high computation costs, making it difficult to be a cost-effective CM technique. In this paper, infrared thermal (IRT) images, which can contain information covering a large area and acquired remotely, are based on developing a cost-effective CM method. Moreover, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to automatically process the raw IRT images for attaining more comprehensive feature parameters, which avoids the deficiency of incomplete information caused by various feature-extraction methods in vibration analysis. Thus, an IRT–CNN method is developed to achieve online remote monitoring of a gearbox. The performance evaluation based on a bevel gearbox shows that the proposed method can achieve nearly 100% correctness in identifying several common gear faults such as tooth pitting, cracks, and breakages and their compounds. It is also especially robust to ambient temperature changes. In addition, IRT also significantly outperforms its vibration-based counterparts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Gearbox Condition Monitoring Using Infrared Thermal Images Applied with Convolutional Neural Networks

Zhen

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…[14][15][16]18,19 Grammatikos et al further showed that LT can be used as a qualitative and quantitative approach to analyse the patch disbond process. 17,20 Literature shows that IrT methods are capable to inspect the different damage mechanisms in crack patched structures and that also both patch disbond and metallic cracks can be identified on thermal images. It further shows that disbond growths can be monitored.…”

Section: State Of the Art In Monitoring Crack Patchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other examples that show the ability of IrT methods to assess the repair integrity can be found 14–16,18,19 . Grammatikos et al further showed that LT can be used as a qualitative and quantitative approach to analyse the patch disbond process 17,20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring multiple damage mechanisms in crack‐patched structures using optical infrared thermography

Martens

Schröder

2020

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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The ability to understand the overall long‐term damage behaviour of crack patched components is essential to improve methods for the performance prediction. The method of passive infrared thermography comprises great opportunities to support the comprehension of the subsurface damage progress of crack‐patched structures. Quasi‐static and cyclic coupon tests are performed with patched metallic specimens and monitored with qualitative and comparative passive infrared thermography. Different test set‐ups help to differentiate between pure metallic crack growth and adhesive damage on thermal images. Results show that metallic crack growth can be monitored from the patched side, also in combination with local delamination at the patch/metal interface overlaying the crack. Thus, it is possible to evaluate position and size of the different damage types at the same time with a rather simple test set‐up. The information on the degradation progress of the crack patched component under loading conditions can help identify the driving damage mechanism of the particular repair configuration. This knowledge can in return be used in the patch design process.

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“…Among the most prevalent NDT techniques in the aeronautic field are ultrasonics, IR thermography, vibration methods, radiographic inspection, Eddy currents, electrical methods, etc. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The majority of the techniques mentioned above require both the removal of the component to be tested and the utilisation of bulky and heavy sensors and equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Composite with Structural Health Monitoring Functionality via 2D and 3D Impedance Mapping Topography

Foteinidis

Paipetis

2021

Applied Sciences

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We report the transformation of a conventional composite material into a multifunctional structure able to provide information about its structural integrity. A purposely positioned grid of carbon fabric strips located within a glass fibre laminate in alternating 0/90 configuration combined with a ternary nanomodified epoxy matrix imparted structural health monitoring (SHM) topographic capabilities to the composite using the impedance spectroscopy (IS) technique. The matrix was reinforced with homogenously dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB). A sinusoidal electric field was applied locally over a frequency range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz between the junction points of the grid of carbon fabric strips. The proposed design enabled topographic damage assessment after a high-velocity impact via the local monitoring of the impedance. The data obtained from the IS measurements were depicted by magnitude and phase delay Bode plots and Nyquist plots. The impedance values were used to create a 2D and a multi-layer (3D) contour topographical image of the damaged area, which revealed crucial information about the structural integrity of the composite.

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On the fatigue response of a bonded repaired aerospace composite using thermography

Cited by 27 publications

References 52 publications

An Evaluation of Gearbox Condition Monitoring Using Infrared Thermal Images Applied with Convolutional Neural Networks

An Evaluation of Gearbox Condition Monitoring Using Infrared Thermal Images Applied with Convolutional Neural Networks

Monitoring multiple damage mechanisms in crack‐patched structures using optical infrared thermography

A Novel Composite with Structural Health Monitoring Functionality via 2D and 3D Impedance Mapping Topography

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