On the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a unifying hypothesis

Fountoulakis, Stelios; Tsatsoulis, Agathocles

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2004.01978.x

Cited by 87 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…A possible role of these antibodies in protecting thyroid cells from apoptosis is also proposed. 20 Though titres of anti-microsomal antibodies have been shown to correlate with the degree of intrathyroidal lymphocytic infiltration in HT, 21 this should have translated into correlation between levels of IL-5 and antibody levels, which was not found either in the present study or in other studies. 10 This could be due to the use of the semiquantitative method for estimation of anti-microsomal antibodies and peripheral blood for evaluating lymphocytes in our study.…”

Section: Cd4/cd8 Ratiocontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…It is possible that iodine plays a much larger role in the pathogenesis of HT than in GD through mechanisms such as increased immunogenicty of thyroglobulin, toxic destruction of thyroid cells by generation of free radicals or direct stimulation of lymphocytes. 20 Consequently, increasing iodine intake among previously iodine deficient populations, as is the situation in India, may incite thyroid autoimmunity, particularly HT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of T-lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-5 blood levels among Indian subjects with autoimmune thyroid disease

Gopalakrishnan¹,

Sen²,

Adhikari³

et al. 2010

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OBjEcTIVE: Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD) results from an interaction of exogenous and endogenous factors in a genetically predisposed individual. AITD is being increasingly reported among the Indian population. Lymphocyte subsets and levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5) were studied in the peripheral blood of patients with AITD. DESIGN: Subjects diagnosed with either hyperthyroidism due to Graves' Disease (GD) or with primary hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) were consecutively recruited. Euthyroid controls were also recruited for comparison. Lymphocyte subsets (cD4 and cD8 counts, cD4/cD8 ratio) were evaluated by flow cytometry and IL-5 levels were determined by the sandwich ELISA method. RESULTS: Nineteen subjects with GD, 16 subjects with HT and 10 controls were studied. cD4/cD8 ratios were found to be significantly lower only in subjects with HT compared to controls. Serum IL-5 values were significantly higher in both GD and HT in comparison to controls. cONcLUSIONS: The study found increased levels of IL-5 and reduction in ratios of cD4/cD8 lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with HT, but only IL-5 was increased in GD. High levels of IL-5 could have resulted in the high titres of antithyroid antibodies and may therefore be considered to play a more significant role than peripheral lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of AITD in the Indian population.

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Section: Cd4/cd8 Ratiocontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of T-lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-5 blood levels among Indian subjects with autoimmune thyroid disease

Gopalakrishnan¹,

Sen²,

Adhikari³

et al. 2010

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“…Atypical marker of HT is the presence of autoantibodies against thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase (TPO Abs) [2]. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of ATDS [3]. Some bacteria and viruses are suspected of being able to mimic the antigenic profile on the thyroid membrane and play an important role in the onset of auto immune diseases [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Association with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Korani¹

2016

GHOA

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Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDS) are multifactorial conditions that result from genetic predisposition in combination with environmental risk factors. Helicobacter Pylori (HP) infection as an environmental risk factor has been proposed to initiate the antigenic components of the thyroid cell membrane and may play a leading role in the onset of the auto immune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).The Aim: To investigate the association between H.P infection and HT and the prevalence of cag. A positive strains H.P in the patients. Methods:The study include 40 female patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as a case group and 30 healthy female as control group. HP antigen in stool samples using unamplified enzyme immunoassay and Cag. Ainserum samples using an enzyme linked immunoassay method (ELISA). Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti TPO) and thyroid function tests thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) were determined. Results:There is statistically significant association between H P and HT (Odd ratio = 8.1, 95% confidence interval: 3-30.1, p<0.001). Also statistically significant association between presence of Cag-A positive strains of HP and HT (odd ratio=5.3, p=0.001). To establish the significant correlation between HP and HT further and more specialized studies are needed. Conclusion:There was a significant association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and H.P infection and significant prevalence of cag. A positive strain of H.P positive patients and HT

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“…A autoimunidade na tireoide é induzida pelo aumento de células apresentadoras de antigénios (CAA) especializadas da tireoide, 19 desencadeado por sinais inflamatórios produzidos por dano ou necrose das células tireoideas. 5 As CAA levam à ativação subsequente das células T helper específicas para antigénios da tireoide, o que leva a uma alteração dos mecanismos de tolerância imunológica.…”

Section: O Papel Das Células T Helper 1 Na Tireoidite De Hashimoto E unclassified

Tireoidite de Hashimoto e Doença Periodontal: Uma Revisão Narrativa

2016

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RESUMOIntrodução: Atualmente há um crescente interesse no estudo das condições sistémicas com repercussões no periodonto. O objetivo deste artigo é determinar se existe uma relação entre a tireoidite de Hashimoto e a doença periodontal. Material e Métodos:Fundamentada na periodontologia baseada na evidência e na combinação das expressões: 'Hashimoto disease'; 'Hypothyroidism'; 'Periodontal diseases'; 'Systemic diseases'; optou-se pela pesquisa e avaliação de artigos presentes nas bases de dados Medline, Scopus e Thomson Reuters, selecionando 30 para a análise na íntegra.Resultados: Vários são os trabalhos desenvolvidos na procura de um melhor entendimento sobre a complexidade e patogénese das doenças periodontais, associando-as a múltiplas condições sistémicas. Atualmente a relação melhor descrita na literatura é a da artrite reumatoide; contudo, outras relações têm sido apontadas como é o caso da tireoidite de Hashimoto.Discussão: A identificação de múltiplos mecanismos etiopatogénicos comuns à tireoidite de Hashimoto e à doença periodontal permite suspeitar de uma relação entre ambas. São exemplos a proliferação de linfócitos T helper 1 e 17 e suas repercussões periodontais, a disfunção do endotélio vascular da microcirculação gengival e a influência do hipotiroidismo sobre o metabolismo ósseo, nomeadamente ao nível do osso alveolar. Conclusão:Existe plausibilidade biológica que suporta o estabelecimento de uma relação de associação entre a tireoidite de Hashimoto e a doença periodontal. Contudo, os estudos atuais não são suficientes para comprovarem um nexo causal entre estas duas patologias, devendo, os mesmos, ser elaborados num futuro próximo, de forma a melhor determinar a sua relação e interação.Palavras-chave: Doenças de Hashimoto; Doença Periodontal; Revisão. ABSTRACT Introduction:Currently there is a growing interest in studying systemic conditions with impact on the periodontium. The aim of this article is to determinate if there is a relation between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and periodontal disease. Results: There have been developed several studies, searching for a better comprehension about the complexity and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, associated them to multiple systemic conditions. Actually, the relationship that is best described in the literature is the one with rheumatoid arthritis; however, other relations have been pointed, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Discussion:The identification of multiple etiopathogenic mechanisms common to Hashimoto's thyroiditis and periodontal disease allow to suspect of a relation between them. Some of these mechanisms include the proliferation of lymphocytes T helper 1 and T helper 17 and their impact on the periodontium, the dysfunction of vascular endothelium in gingival microcirculation and the influence of hypothyroidism on bone metabolism, namely on the alveolar bone. Conclusion:There is biological plausibility to support the establishment of an association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and periodontal disease. However, there are not enough st...

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On the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a unifying hypothesis

Cited by 87 publications

References 138 publications

The role of T-lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-5 blood levels among Indian subjects with autoimmune thyroid disease

The role of T-lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-5 blood levels among Indian subjects with autoimmune thyroid disease

Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Association with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Tireoidite de Hashimoto e Doença Periodontal: Uma Revisão Narrativa

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