On Variable Reverse Power Flow-Part I: Active-Reactive Optimal Power Flow with Reactive Power of Wind Stations

Gabash, Aouss; Li, Pu

doi:10.3390/en9030121

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Storage systems can be located and controlled at different voltage levels [27]. As current conventional power plants, which are providing inertia today, are commonly connected to high voltage levels storage units providing synthetic inertia could be connected to the same voltage level.…”

Section: Dimension Of a Storage System For The Provision Of System Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a System Substituting Today’s Inherent Inertia in the European Continental Synchronous Area

2016

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In alternating current (AC) power systems the power generated by power plants has to match the power drawn by consumers plus the system losses at any time. In the case of an imbalance between generation and consumption the frequency in the system deviates from its rated value. In order to avoid an unsuitable frequency, control power plants have to step in to level out this imbalance. Control power plants need time to adjust their power, which is why the inertial behaviour of today's AC systems is crucial for frequency control. In this paper it is discussed that the inertia in the European Continental Synchronous Area decreases due to the transition to renewable energy sources. This will become a problem for frequency control, which is why the provision of non-inherent inertia is proposed. This system consists of fast-responding energy storage. Its dimensions in terms of power and energy are determined. Since such non-inherent inertia requires investments a cost-efficient solution has to be found. Different technologies are compared in terms of the newly-introduced levelised cost of inertia. This paper concludes with the proposal that in future inertia should be traded and with the recommendation to use flywheels for this purpose, as these are the most cost-efficient solution for this task.

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Section: Dimension Of a Storage System For The Provision Of System Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a System Substituting Today’s Inherent Inertia in the European Continental Synchronous Area

2016

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“…Total offer blocks of each bilateral contract is denoted by M Bi i . Power transacted through bilateral contracts is enforced by (6). Figure 1 illustrates the staircase offer curve of bilateral contracts used to calculate the transacted power and the transaction price of each contract.…”

Section: Cost Of Bilateral Contractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Behavior of Retailers for Risk Reduction and Profit Increment via Distributed Generators and Demand Response Programs

et al. 2018

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Following restructuring of power industry, electricity supply to end-use customers has undergone fundamental changes. In the restructured power system, some of the responsibilities of the vertically integrated distribution companies have been assigned to network managers and retailers. Under the new situation, retailers are in charge of providing electrical energy to electricity consumers who have already signed contract with them. Retailers usually provide the required energy at a variable price, from wholesale electricity markets, forward contracts with energy producers, or distributed energy generators, and sell it at a fixed retail price to its clients. Different strategies are implemented by retailers to reduce the potential financial losses and risks associated with the uncertain nature of wholesale spot electricity market prices and electrical load of the consumers. In this paper, the strategic behavior of retailers in implementing forward contracts, distributed energy sources, and demand-response programs with the aim of increasing their profit and reducing their risk, while keeping their retail prices as low as possible, is investigated. For this purpose, risk management problem of the retailer companies collaborating with wholesale electricity markets, is modeled through bi-level programming approach and a comprehensive framework for retail electricity pricing, considering customers' constraints, is provided in this paper. In the first level of the proposed bi-level optimization problem, the retailer maximizes its expected profit for a given risk level of profit variability, while in the second level, the customers minimize their consumption costs. The proposed programming problem is modeled as Mixed Integer programming (MIP) problem and can be efficiently solved using available commercial solvers. The simulation results on a test case approve the effectiveness of the proposed demand-response program based on dynamic pricing approach on reducing the retailer's risk and increasing its profit.

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“…The higher the VGR penetration, the harder it is to satisfy the net load, i.e., the load subtracted by the VGR output. To cope with this difficulty of balancing the net load, more dispatchable and flexible resources are required [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Complementarity between Variable Generation Resources and Load on the Flexibility of the Korean Power System

Min

Kim

2017

Energies

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This study examines the effect of the complementarity between the variable generation resources (VGRs) and the load on the flexibility of the power system. The complementarity may change the ramping capability requirement, and thereby, the flexibility. This effect is quantified using a flexibility index called the ramping capability shortage expectation (RSE). The flexibility is evaluated for different VGR mix scenarios under the same VGR penetration level, and an optimal VGR mix (i.e., one that maximizes flexibility) is obtained. The effect of the complementarity of the wind and PV outputs on the flexibility is investigated for the peak-load day of 2016 for the Korean power system. The result shows that the RSE value for the optimal VGR mix scenario is 6.95% larger than that for the original mix scenario.

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On Variable Reverse Power Flow-Part I: Active-Reactive Optimal Power Flow with Reactive Power of Wind Stations

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

Design of a System Substituting Today’s Inherent Inertia in the European Continental Synchronous Area

Design of a System Substituting Today’s Inherent Inertia in the European Continental Synchronous Area

Strategic Behavior of Retailers for Risk Reduction and Profit Increment via Distributed Generators and Demand Response Programs

Impact of the Complementarity between Variable Generation Resources and Load on the Flexibility of the Korean Power System

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