Optical multi-image encryption based on frequency shift

Liu, Zhengjun; Zhang, Yan; Zhao, Huandong; Ahmad, Muhammad Ashfaq; Liu, Shutian

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.06.039

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The technique was good at encoding multiple images, but high-frequency contents of the images had to be sacrificed due to downsize cropping of the spectrum to implement the algorithm effectively. 10 MIE based on the fractional FT was to encode images by distinct fractional orders, but the method required lots of computation to generate initial phase terms by iterations. It was limited in applications because of time-consuming and complex optical setting up.…”

Section: Multiple Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple image encryption by phase retrieval

Kang

Liu

et al. 2016

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. Multiple image encryption (MIE) was proposed to increase the efficiency of encrypting images by processing several images simultaneously. Because of the advantage of optical technology in processing twodimensional images at high throughput, MIE has been significantly improved by use of methods originating from optics. Phase retrieval was the process of algorithmically finding solutions to the phase loss problem due to light detectors only capturing the intensity. It was to retrieve phase information for the determination of a structure from diffraction data. Error-reduction algorithm is a typical phase retrieval method. Here, we employ it to illustrate that methods in phase retrieval are able to encrypt multiple images and compress them into encrypted data simultaneously. Moreover, the decryption is also designed to handle multiple images at the same time. The whole process including both the encryption and decryption is proposed to improve MIE with respect to the compression and efficiency. The feasibility and encryption of the MIE scheme is demonstrated with encryption experiments under Gaussian white noise and unauthorized access.

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Section: Multiple Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The matrix is expressed as E Q -T A R G E T ; t e m p : i n t r a l i n k -; e 0 1 1 ; 3 2 6 ; 5 1 0 PSNR ¼ 10 · log 10 MAX 2…”

Section: Normal Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple image encryption by phase retrieval

Kang

Liu

et al. 2016

Opt. Eng

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“…However, in the last decade, optical encryption systems have been evolving into multiple-image encryption (MIE), which attracts much attention nowadays owing to economic memory occupation and efficient transmission via a network. Compared with single-image encryption, MIE encodes several images into a single encrypted file [4][5][6][7]. Wavelength multiplexing has been used in the context of MIE [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MIE based on a frequency shift was also proposed to encode images in either the Fourier or fractional Fourier domain. The technique is good at encoding multiple images, but high-frequency contents of the images have to be discarded due to downsize cropping of the spectrum in order to utilize the algorithm effectively [4,8]. MIE based on the fractional Fourier transform (FT) using different fractional orders [6] has been used, but the method is time-consuming as it produces initial phase terms by iterations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple-image encryption by compressive holography

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2012

Appl. Opt.

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We present multiple-image encryption (MIE) based on compressive holography. In the encryption, a holographic technique is employed to record multiple images simultaneously to form a hologram. The twodimensional Fourier data of the hologram are then compressed by nonuniform sampling, which gives rise to compressive encryption. Decryption of individual images is cast into a minimization problem. The minimization retains the sparsity of recovered images in the wavelet basis. Meanwhile, total variation regularization is used to preserve edges in the reconstruction. Experiments have been conducted using holograms acquired by optical scanning holography as an example. Computer simulations of multiple images are subsequently demonstrated to illustrate the feasibility of the MIE scheme.

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“…Liu et al proposed a novel MIE method to overcome the crosstalk problem, which is to abandon all high frequencies of the four ciphertexts and crop them to a quarter of the original size. They subsequently combined the four new quarter-size ciphertexts into one new original-size ciphertext by placing them into each quadrant [13]. Chang et al proposed a novel wavelength-multiplexing algorithm based on the cascaded phase-only function architecture and that scheme significantly reduced the crosstalk problem [14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Image Split-encryption Based on Object Plane for Completely Removing the Silhouette Problem

Li¹,

Phan²,

Jeon³

et al. 2013

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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We propose a split-encryption scheme on converting original images to multiple ciphertexts. This conversion introduces one random phase-only function (POF) to influence phase distribution of the preliminary ciphertexts. In the encryption process, the original image is mathematically split into two POFs. Then, they are modulated on a spatial light modulator one after another. And subsequently two final ciphertexts are generated by utilizing two-step phase-shifting interferometry. In the decryption process, a high-quality reconstructed image with relative error -31 7.6061 10 RE = × can be achieved only when the summation of the two ciphertexts is Fresnel-transformed to the reconstructed plane. During the verification process, any silhouette information was invisible in the two reconstructed images from different single ciphertexts. Both of the two single REs are more than 0.6, which is better than in previous research. Moreover, this proposed scheme works well with gray images.

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Optical multi-image encryption based on frequency shift

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

Multiple image encryption by phase retrieval

Multiple image encryption by phase retrieval

Multiple-image encryption by compressive holography

Optical Image Split-encryption Based on Object Plane for Completely Removing the Silhouette Problem

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