Optimization of upcycling of Ti-6Al-4V swarf

Qi, Yuanshen; Timokhina, Ilana; Shekhter, Alexandra; Sharp, Khan; Lapovok, Rimma

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.01.036

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The SEM investigations were conducted in order to confirm or/and obtain other information about the manufactured structures. This technique makes it possible to analyze recycled structures precisely, what has been also demonstrated by others authors who investigated pores and bonds [17,18].…”

Section: Structural Investigations Of Rods By Scanning Electron Micromentioning

confidence: 55%

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Structural Aspects and Characterization of Structure in the Processing of Titanium Grade4 Different Chips

Topolski¹,

Jaroszewicz²,

Garbacz³

2021

Metals

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This study presents the structural aspects of the solid-state processing of various titanium chips. The structural characterization of: (1) commercial pure Ti in the as-received state, (2) manufactured chips, and (3) products of the chip processing are presented. Pure single-phase titanium Grade4 (Ti Gr4) was processed which, among all grades of pure titanium, is characterized by the lowest possible purity and the highest possible strength at the same time. Four geometries of chips were processed, i.e., chips after turning (thin and coarse), and chips after milling (thin and coarse). An unconventional plastic working method was applied to transform a dispersed form (chips) into solid, bulk metal in the form of rods without re-melting. The rods with a diameter of Ø8 mm and a length of about 500 mm were manufactured. Based on computer tomography and Archimedes measurements, it was found that the manufactured rods were consolidated and near fully dense. In turn, microscopy investigations proved that conventional, polycrystalline, grained structures were obtained. Only an insignificantly small number of internal defects were revealed, meaning that the obtained rods exhibited a proper structure typical for commercial titanium. Obtained materials, except of small surface inclusions, were fee of impurities. Whereas the results of the compression tests proved that the manufactured rods are characterized by new interatomic bonds, cohesion and plasticity analogous to those of titanium in the as-received state.

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Section: Structural Investigations Of Rods By Scanning Electron Micromentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In the context of solid state chips treatment, the most commonly processed metals are aluminum and its alloys [1,2,5,11,[13][14][15], followed by magnesium and its alloys [3,5,12,16,17], whereas there is relatively little data in the literature on the processing of chips of pure titanium and its alloys [4,[7][8][9][10]18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Aspects and Characterization of Structure in the Processing of Titanium Grade4 Different Chips

Topolski¹,

Jaroszewicz²,

Garbacz³

2021

Metals

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“… Various shapes of metal chips produced from machining processes [ 9 ]: ( a ) grey cast iron [ 13 ]; ( b ) stainless steel [ 14 ]; ( c ) AA6060 aluminum alloy [ 15 ]; ( d ) AZ31B magnesium alloy [ 16 ]; ( e ) Ti–6Al–4V [ 17 ]; ( f ) CuSn10 bronze [ 18 ]; ( g ) chips produced without chip breaker [ 19 ]; ( h ) chips of aluminum created by the turning tool’s chips breaker [ 19 ]; ( i ) AA6060 aluminum alloy [ 15 ]; ( j ) AC4CH aluminum alloy [ 20 ]; ( k ) modulation-assisted drilling of stainless steel [ 21 ]; ( l ) conventional drilling of stainless steel [ 21 ]; ( m ) low carbon steel [ 22 ]; ( n ) AA1050 aluminum alloy [ 23 ]; ( o ) AISI 4340 steel [ 24 ]; ( p ) low alloy steel [ 25 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Producing Metal Powder from Machining Chips Using Ball Milling Process: A Review

et al. 2023

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In the pursuit of achieving zero emissions, exploring the concept of recycling metal waste from industries and workshops (i.e., waste-free) is essential. This is because metal recycling not only helps conserve natural resources but also requires less energy as compared to the production of new products from virgin raw materials. The use of metal scrap in rapid tooling (RT) for injection molding is an interesting and viable approach. Recycling methods enable the recovery of valuable metal powders from various sources, such as electronic, industrial, and automobile scrap. Mechanical alloying is a potential opportunity for sustainable powder production as it has the capability to convert various starting materials with different initial sizes into powder particles through the ball milling process. Nevertheless, parameter factors, such as the type of ball milling, ball-to-powder ratio (BPR), rotation speed, grinding period, size and shape of the milling media, and process control agent (PCA), can influence the quality and characteristics of the metal powders produced. Despite potential drawbacks and environmental impacts, this process can still be a valuable method for recycling metals into powders. Further research is required to optimize the process. Furthermore, ball milling has been widely used in various industries, including recycling and metal mold production, to improve product properties in an environmentally friendly way. This review found that ball milling is the best tool for reducing the particle size of recycled metal chips and creating new metal powders to enhance mechanical properties and novelty for mold additive manufacturing (MAM) applications. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on various parameters associated with ball milling to optimize the process of converting recycled copper chips into powder. This research will assist in attaining the highest level of efficiency and effectiveness in particle size reduction and powder quality. Lastly, this review also presents potential avenues for future research by exploring the application of RT in the ball milling technique.

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“…Chiba and Yoshimura [22] highlighted that the high extrusion ratio results in an increased level of introduced plastic strain, achieving bulk scrap-based profiles with comparable mechanical properties as the cast-based profiles. Then, a modified form of extrusion process was applied by integrating extrusion with Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) [23,24] to achieve superior mechanical properties. Further, Haase and Tekkaya [25] reported that recycling aluminum chips through integrated ECAP die has superior mechanical properties with respect to those extruded through the flat-face die.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to enhance mechanical properties during recycling of aluminum alloy scrap through friction stir consolidation

Latif

Ingarao

Gucciardi

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Solid state recycling (SSR) is a new approach for making metals recycling more efficient with respect to remelting-based approaches. Friction stir consolidation (FSC) is a new solid-state process that is employed to recycle metallic scraps. Until now, a single-step FSC process was applied to recycled metal chips. During the single-step approach, critical processes parameters, especially processing time and rotational speed, are considered vital to control the quality and mechanical properties of the billet. However, the effectiveness of process parameters is highly restricted by challenging masses of recycling chips and machine competency. The present study first highlights the issues of the single-step FSC process, such as unconsolidated billet and poor mechanical properties at the bottom of the part, i.e., far away from the stirring action. Then, for the first time, three different two-step FSC methods were introduced as new approaches to overcome the existing challenges of the single-step method. The effectiveness of these methods was evaluated through the Vickers hardness measurements, and microstructure analysis. The results showed that two-step FSC methods successfully led to a fully consolidated billet and considerably improved mechanical properties.

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Optimization of upcycling of Ti-6Al-4V swarf

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Structural Aspects and Characterization of Structure in the Processing of Titanium Grade4 Different Chips

Structural Aspects and Characterization of Structure in the Processing of Titanium Grade4 Different Chips

Producing Metal Powder from Machining Chips Using Ball Milling Process: A Review

A novel approach to enhance mechanical properties during recycling of aluminum alloy scrap through friction stir consolidation

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