Ordered Mesoporous Polymers and Homologous Carbon Frameworks: Amphiphilic Surfactant Templating and Direct Transformation

Meng, Yu; Gu, Dong; Zhang, Fuqiang; Shi, Yifeng; Yang, Haifeng; Li, Zheng; Yu, Chengzhong; Tang, Bo; Zhao, Dongyuan

doi:10.1002/anie.200501561

Cited by 1,271 publications

(942 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Obviously, both exhibit an intense diffraction peak (100) and two significantly less intense resolved peaks (110) and (200), indicating the formation of a highly ordered 2D hexagonal (p6m) mesostructure. 15 In addition, the TEM images in Fig. 3 also show that both OMCs possess the well-ordered structure with uniform pores.…”

Section: Physico-chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Nanopores array of ordered mesoporous carbons determine Pt's activity towards alcohol electrooxidation

Liang

et al. 2011

J. Mater. Chem.

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A nanopores array in ordered mesoporous materials matters significantly to the reactant molecules arriving at the active catalytic sites in the interior of the nanostructure. However, how this effect works in the case of electrocatalysis needs investigating. We present that the nanopores array of carbon supports plays a significant role in determining Pt's accessibility and electroactivity. The ordered mesoporous carbons with interconnected pore channels (CMK-3) provide Pt nanoparticles with more than one order of magnitude superior Pt utilization efficiency and alcohol electrooxidation activity to those with isolated pore channels by carbon wall . This becomes more prominent in the case of the electrooxidation of isopropanol with a bigger molecular size and lower polarization. These findings indicate the significant role of nanoarchitectures in Pt's accessibility and electroactivity. It is possible to extend this concept to the other fine chemistry typical of surface activity and facile mass transport of molecules.

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Section: Physico-chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Nanopores array of ordered mesoporous carbons determine Pt's activity towards alcohol electrooxidation

Liang

et al. 2011

J. Mater. Chem.

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“…The shrinkage occurs either isotropically (powders) or uni-axially (films on a substrate), where uniaxial shrinkage perpendicular to the substrate results in elliptical deformation of the pore shape. 30 The described synthesis approach provides access to mesoporous carbons with pore sizes ranging from 3-30 nm, 17,28,29 (Germany). His main research interests focus on the preparation of functional, mesostructured metal oxides and carbon, their physico-chemical properties, and the development of novel characterization techniques, especially using X-ray scattering.…”

Section: Principles Of Soft-templating Of Mesoporous Carbon Using Ampmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After neutralization, the hydroxyl groups of resol facilitate hydrogen bonding with hydrophilic chains of block-copolymers inducing the desired microphase separation. 18,28,36,56,58,64 Novolac is also a phenol-formaldehyde resin, but synthesized at a formaldehyde-to-phenol ratio less than one. Since a molar ratio formaldehyde to phenol of one enables every phenol to be linked via methylene bridges, in theory one single cross-linked molecule results.…”

Section: Roles Of the Carbon Precursors Solvents And Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in soft-templating of porous carbon materials

2012

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Mesoporous carbons synthesized via a soft-templating approach have attracted much attention due to their easy synthesis and facile control over the derived pore structure. In analogy to soft-templating approaches for mesoporous metal oxides, their synthesis is based on a sequence of forming supramolecular arrangements of precursor molecules with the soft templates, stabilization of the precursor framework by polymerization and finally the removal of the templates. Using micelles of amphiphilic block-copolymers as templates, facile control over the morphology and size of mesopores can be achieved by e.g. controlling size, composition, and concentration of the template polymers or composition and degree of polymerization of the precursor. Moreover, soft templating approaches can be extended to obtain also carbon materials with hierarchical meso-and macroporosity. The additional macroporosity either can result from templating by polymer latex or is induced via macrophase separation. In this review, we describe recent progress and examples in the synthesis and application of mesoporous carbon materials based on soft-templating approaches. Moreover, we reiterate fundamental principles of self-aggregation, highlight proposed synthesis mechanisms and present means of controlling pore size, also in hierarchical meso-macroporous carbon materials.

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“…We independently demonstrated a reproducible synthesis of highly ordered mesoporous polymers and carbons from a solvent evaporation induced assembly of low-molecular-weight and water-soluble phenolic resins (resols) and low-cost, commercial triblock copolymers PEO-PPO-PEO (85). The schematic presentation of synthesis is shown in Figure 11 mainly includes five steps, that are resol precursor preparation, organicorgnanic hybrid mesophase formation from EISA, thermopolymerization and drying process, template removal, carbonization.…”

Section: Surfactant Self-assembly Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Synthesis of Ordered Nonsiliceous Mesoporous Materials

Wan

Yang

Zhao

2008

ACS Symposium Series

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The design of ordered nonsiliceous mesoporous materials is illustrated based on the surfactant assembly and confinedspace growth. These materials include mesoporous metal oxides, polymers, and carbons with open framework structures, and single-crystal metal, metal oxide and carbon nanoarrays with replicated mesostructures. A generalized "acid-base pair" concept, which self-adjusts the acidity and homogeneity of the inorganic precursor, is proposed to prepare highly ordered mesoporous metal oxides, phosphates and borates, as well as mixed metal oxides and phosphates, with diverse structures. Mesoscopically ordered polymer frameworks with uniformly large pore sizes are derived from the self-assembly from organic templates and organic precursors. Heating these materials transforms them to homologous carbon frameworks. Microwave digested method is an efficient way to enhance the adsorption property of hard silica templates in fabricating ordered nonsiliceous single-crystal nanoarrays. The coordination of organic surfactants with metal ions is also a method to increase the interaction between hard templates and precursors. A one-step impregnation process is used to fabricate ordered silica monoliths with various metal oxide nanocrystals. Improving the interactions between the precursors themselves plays an essential role in replicating ordered mesoporous CdS, SiC and graphitized carbons. Preliminary applications in bone-forming materials, biosensors and electrodes are presented as well.

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Ordered Mesoporous Polymers and Homologous Carbon Frameworks: Amphiphilic Surfactant Templating and Direct Transformation

Cited by 1,271 publications

References 34 publications

Nanopores array of ordered mesoporous carbons determine Pt's activity towards alcohol electrooxidation

Nanopores array of ordered mesoporous carbons determine Pt's activity towards alcohol electrooxidation

Recent progress in soft-templating of porous carbon materials

General Synthesis of Ordered Nonsiliceous Mesoporous Materials

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