Original method of imprinting pores in scaffolds for tissue engineering

Gadomska‐Gajadhur, Agnieszka; Kruk, Aleksandra; Ruśkowski, Paweł; Dulnik, Judyta; Chwojnowski, Andrzej

doi:10.1002/pat.5091

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The top layer was perforated, allowing cells to enter the membrane. Their cross-section was characterized by a unique spatial structure formed by an interconnected network of pores [ 7 , 36 , 62 ]. Their main task, in addition to keeping cells in space, is to provide an environment as similar as possible to that naturally occurring in the human body.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering from a Blend of Polyethersulfone and Polyurethane Polymers

et al. 2023

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In recent years, one of the main goals of cartilage tissue engineering has been to find appropriate scaffolds for hyaline cartilage regeneration, which could serve as a matrix for chondrocytes or stem cell cultures. The study presents three types of scaffolds obtained from a blend of polyethersulfone (PES) and polyurethane (PUR) by a combination of wet-phase inversion and salt-leaching methods. The nonwovens made of gelatin and sodium chloride (NaCl) were used as precursors of macropores. Thus, obtained membranes were characterized by a suitable structure. The top layers were perforated, with pores over 20 µm, which allows cells to enter the membrane. The use of a nonwoven made it possible to develop a three-dimensional network of interconnected macropores that is required for cell activity and mobility. Examination of wettability (contact angle, swelling ratio) showed a hydrophilic nature of scaffolds. The mechanical test showed that the scaffolds were suitable for knee joint applications (stress above 10 MPa). Next, the scaffolds underwent a degradation study in simulated body fluid (SBF). Weight loss after four weeks and changes in structure were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and MeMoExplorer Software, a program that estimates the size of pores. The porosity measurements after degradation confirmed an increase in pore size, as expected. Hydrolysis was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, where the disappearance of ester bonds at about 1730 cm −1 wavelength is noticeable after degradation. The obtained results showed that the scaffolds meet the requirements for cartilage tissue engineering membranes and should undergo further testing on an animal model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, scaffolds should be characterized by biocompatibility and degradability. This can be achieved by selecting, carefully, the method of preparation, materials, and additives, such as pore precursors [ 9 , 35 , 36 ]. Depending on the application (cell selection), a scaffold with the appropriate pore size should be selected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering from a Blend of Polyethersulfone and Polyurethane Polymers

et al. 2023

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“…This approach promotes the formation of larger pore sizes and higher porosity. Pore precursors are ultimately removed from the scaffold by an appropriate solvent (porogen-leaching) [ 71 , 97 , 117 , 118 , 125 , 126 , 127 ]. Another similar method is solvent-casting particulate leaching (SCPL).…”

Section: Scaffold For Articular Cartilage Repair: Requirements Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Synthetic and Hybrid Scaffolds in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2020

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Cartilage tissue is under extensive investigation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies because of its limited regenerative potential. Currently, many scaffolds are undergoing scientific and clinical research. A key for appropriate scaffolding is the assurance of a temporary cellular environment that allows the cells to function as in native tissue. These scaffolds should meet the relevant requirements, including appropriate architecture and physicochemical and biological properties. This is necessary for proper cell growth, which is associated with the adequate regeneration of cartilage. This paper presents a review of the development of scaffolds from synthetic polymers and hybrid materials employed for the engineering of cartilage tissue and regenerative medicine. Initially, general information on articular cartilage and an overview of the clinical strategies for the treatment of cartilage defects are presented. Then, the requirements for scaffolds in regenerative medicine, materials intended for membranes, and methods for obtaining them are briefly described. We also describe the hybrid materials that combine the advantages of both synthetic and natural polymers, which provide better properties for the scaffold. The last part of the article is focused on scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering that have been confirmed by undergoing preclinical and clinical tests.

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