Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis and Diabetes

Abstract

We measured the content of lipid peroxides in plasma LDL from patients with chronic CHD not accompanied by hypercholesterolemia; CHD and hypercholesterolemia; type 2 diabetes mellitus and decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism; and CHD, circulatory insufficiency, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (without hypercholesterolemia). The content of lipid peroxides in LDL isolated from blood plasma by differential ultracentrifugation in a density gradient was estimated by a highly specific method with modifications (reagent Fe(2+) xylene orange and triphenylphosphine as a reducing agent for organic peroxides). The content of lipid peroxides in LDL from patients was much higher than in controls (patients without coronary heart disease and diabetes). Hypercholesterolemia and diabetes can be considered as factors promoting LDL oxidation in vivo. Our results suggest that stimulation of lipid peroxidation in low-density lipoproteins during hypercholesterolemia and diabetes is associated with strong autooxidation of cholesterol and glucose during oxidative and carbonyl (aldehyde) stress, respectively. These data illustrate a possible mechanism of the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in trichloroethene-mediated autoimmune response

“…Also, earlier studies in our laboratory proposed a putative role of lipid peroxidation in the induction/exacerbation of autoimmunity (Khan et al, 2001). Lipid peroxidation, which is a major contributor to membrane damage, has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE and other autoimmune diseases Kamanli et al, 2004;Frostegard et al, 2005;Lankin et al, 2005). Lipid peroxidation products, especially major alhehydes such as MDA and HNE, can form adducts with proteins (Esterbauer et al, 1991).…”

Effect of grape seed extract on postprandial oxidative status and metabolic responses in men and women with the metabolic syndrome - randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study

“…Oxidative stress and inflammation are believed to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of several diseases including atherosclerosis and diabetes [6,7].…”

Oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…LDL were diluted with a solution containing 0.154 M NaCl and 50 mM phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) to a concentration of 50 µg protein/ml. LDL oxidation was induced by 30 µM CuSO 4 at 37 o C. Lipid hydroperoxide accumulation was studied on a Hitachi 220 A spectrophotometer at 233 nm and fixed time intervals [3,4]. The kinetic curves of LDL oxidation were constructed from the results of the study.…”

“…The kinetic curves of LDL oxidation were constructed from the results of the study. The lag phase was estimated (time for induction of oxidation proportional to antioxidant content in LDL) [3,4]. The content of lipid hydroperoxides in LDL was measured by a modified specific method with Fe 2+ -xylene orange.…”