Paenibacillus apii sp. nov., a novel nifH gene-harbouring species isolated from the rhizospheres of vegetable plants grown in different regions of northern China

Abstract

Two nifH gene-harbouring bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheres of different vegetable plants grown in different regions of northern PR China. The two strains possessed almost identical 16S rRNA gene sequences. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the two strains were 99.21 and 93.6% respectively, suggesting they belong to one species. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, the two strains were clustered together with Paenibacillus rhizophilus 7197T, Paenibacillus sabinae T27T and Paenibacillus forsythiae T98T, but on a separate branch. Novelty of the species was confirmed by ANI and dDDH comparisons between the type strain 7124T and its closest relatives, since the obtained values were considerably below the proposed thresholds for the species delineation. The genome size of strain 7124T was 5.40 Mb, comprising 5050 predicted genes with a DNA G+C content of 52.3 mol%. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and three unidentified lipids. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (52.9%) and C16 : 0 (23.4 %). Menaquinone-7 was reported as the major respiratory quinone. The diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, the two isolates are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus apii sp. nov. is proposed, with 7124T (=DSM 103172T=CGMCC 1.15689T) as type strain.

Paenibacillus vietnamensis sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Arachis hypogaea

“… Paenibacillus species have been isolated from environmental sources including sand, soil, sediments, compost, water, rhizosphere, food, plants, insect larvae and clinical samples [4]. Several species of the genus Paenibacillus have been isolated from rhizosphere of different plants, some of them recently described, such as Paenibacillus anseongense isolated from rhizospheric soil of a Magnolia tree [5], Paenibacillus apii isolated from the rhizosphere of Apium graveolens and Cucumis sativus [6], Paenibacillus lycopersici and Paenibacillus rhizovicinus isolated from the rhizosphere of Solanum lycopersicum [7], Paenibacillus allorhizosphaerae isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays [8] and Paenibacillus puerhi isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Camellia sinensis var. assamica [9].…”

Paenibacillus caui sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a peach tree

“…At the time of writing, the genus comprises 256 species and four subspecies with validly published names (www.bacterio.net/paenibacillus.html). More than 20 nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus species have been found and almost all of them are plant-associated species, for example Paenibacillus brasilensis [6], Paenibacillus graminis [7], Paenibacillus zanthoxyli [8], Paenibacillus sabinae [9], Paenibacillus forsythiae [10], Paenibacillus sonchi [11], Paenibacillus riograndensis [12], Paenibacillus jilunlii [13], Paenibacillus sophorae [14], Paenibacillus triticisoli [15], Paenibacillus beijingensis [16], Paenibacillus taohuashanense [17], Paenibacillus bryophyllum [18], Paenibacillus helianthi [19], Paenibacillus maysiensis [20], Paenibacillus rhizophilus [21] and Paenibacillus apii [22]. During an investigation of the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in rhizosphere soil, a novel strain with high nitrogenase activity, designated 81-11 T , was obtained.…”

Paenibacillus agri sp. nov., isolated from soil

“…in 1994 [1] with Paenibacillus polymyxa as the type species and the genus description was subsequently emended [2, 3]. At the time of writing, 254 validly published species (www.bacterio.net/paenibacillus.html) isolated from diverse environmental habitats, including soil [4–6], plant rhizosphere [7, 8], plants [9, 10], water [11], sediment [12], foods [13] and clinical samples [14] belong to this genus. Typically, members of the genus Paenibacillus are rod-shaped, aerobic or facultative anaerobic and endospore-forming bacteria, having anteiso-C 15:0 as the major cellular fatty acid and menaquinone (MK)-7 as the major menaquinone although some members produce MK-8 [1, 2, 15].…”