pc8.1, a major QTL for pigment content in pepper fruit, is associated with variation in plastid compartment size

Brand, Arnon; Borovsky, Yelena; Meir, Sagit; Rogachev, Ilana; Aharoni, Asaph; Paran, Ilan

doi:10.1007/s00425-011-1530-9

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In tomato, PPH (encoding a phytol hydrolytic enzyme) silencing lines exhibit impaired chlorophyll breakdown and an altered tocopherol content (Guyer et al ., ; Lira et al ., ). In pepper fruit, a QTL controlling chlorophyll content was shown to have altered tocopherol content (Brand et al ., ). In Arabidopsis , changes in the expression of a gene encoding chlorophyll synthase affect tocopherol levels (Zhang et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Beyond pathways: genetic dissection of tocopherol content in maize kernels by combining linkage and association analyses

Wang

Fan

et al. 2018

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryAlthough tocopherols play an important role in plants and animals, the genetic architecture of tocopherol content in maize kernels has remained largely unknown. In this study, linkage and association analyses were conducted to examine the genetic architecture of tocopherol content in maize kernels. Forty‐one unique quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by linkage mapping in six populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). In addition, 32 significant loci were detected via genome‐wide association study (GWAS), 18 of which colocalized with the QTLs identified by linkage mapping. Fine mapping of a major QTL validated the accuracy of GWAS and QTL mapping results and suggested a role for nontocopherol pathway genes in the modulation of natural tocopherol variation. We provided genome‐wide evidence that genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, chlorophyll metabolism and chloroplast function may affect natural variation in tocopherols. These findings were confirmed through mutant analysis of a particular gene from the fatty acid pathway. In addition, the favourable alleles for many of the significant SNPs/QTLs represented rare alleles in natural populations. Together, our results revealed many novel genes that are potentially involved in the variation of tocopherol content in maize kernels. Pyramiding of the favourable alleles of the newly elucidated genes and the well‐known tocopherol pathway genes would greatly improve tocopherol content in maize.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Beyond pathways: genetic dissection of tocopherol content in maize kernels by combining linkage and association analyses

Wang

Fan

et al. 2018

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…Co‐segregation of CaGLK2 , the pepper ortholog of GLK2 , with pc10.1 ; null alleles associated with decreased chlorophyll content; increased expression in dark‐green fruit; and its known function from Arabidopsis and tomato all provided strong indications that this gene governs pc10.1 . The QTL exerts its effect on chlorophyll content by controlling chloroplast compartment size via modulating grana and chloroplast size, in contrast with the effect of pc8.1 that controls both chloroplast area and number (Brand et al ., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The zinc‐finger transcription factor CcLOL1 controls chloroplast development and immature pepper fruit color in Capsicum chinense and its function is conserved in tomato

et al. 2019

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Summary Chloroplast development and chlorophyll content in the immature fruit has a major impact on the morphology and quality in pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruit. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), pc1 and pc10 that affect chlorophyll content in the pepper fruit by modulation of chloroplast compartment size were previously identified in chromosomes 1 and 10, respectively. The pepper homolog of GOLDEN2‐LIKE transcription factor (CaGLK2) has been found as underlying pc10, similar to its effect on tomato chloroplast development. In the present study, we identified the pepper homolog of the zinc‐finger transcription factor LOL1 (LSD ONE LIKE1; CcLOL1) as the gene underlying pc1. LOL1 has been identified in Arabidopsis as a positive regulator of programmed cell death and we report here on its role in controlling fruit development in the Solanaceae in a fruit‐specific manner. The light‐green C. chinense parent used for QTL mapping was found to carry a null mutation in CcLOL1. Verification of the function of the gene was done by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants of the orthologous tomato gene resulting in light‐green tomato fruits, indicating functional conservation of the orthologous genes in controlling chlorophyll content in the Solanaceae. Transcriptome profiling of light and dark‐green bulks differing for pc1, showed that the QTL affects multiple photosynthesis and oxidation‐reduction associated genes in the immature green fruit. Allelic diversity of three known genes CcLOL1, CaGLK2, and CcAPRR2 that influence pepper immature fruit color, was found to be associated with variation in chlorophyll content primarily in C. chinense.

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“…The combination of metabolic and genetic analyses helps to identify genetic markers and key genes that underlie so-called metabolite quantitative trait loci (mQTLs), genomic regions which are associated with increased (or decreased) metabolite levels. Using targeted metabolite analyses approaches, the genetic regulation of specific metabolites, such as chlorophyll (Brand et al 2012) and the pungent capsaicinoids (Ben-Chaim et al 2006; Blum et al 2002, 2003), has been analysed in pepper fruit. Two major QTLs, pc8.1 and pc10.1 , that control chlorophyll content were identified in a population based on a cross between a dark green C. annuum and a light green C. chinense accession (Brand et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using targeted metabolite analyses approaches, the genetic regulation of specific metabolites, such as chlorophyll (Brand et al 2012) and the pungent capsaicinoids (Ben-Chaim et al 2006; Blum et al 2002, 2003), has been analysed in pepper fruit. Two major QTLs, pc8.1 and pc10.1 , that control chlorophyll content were identified in a population based on a cross between a dark green C. annuum and a light green C. chinense accession (Brand et al 2012). In addition, the QTL pc8.1 also affected carotenoid content in ripe fruit in that population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic mapping of semi-polar metabolites in pepper fruits (Capsicum sp.): towards unravelling the molecular regulation of flavonoid quantitative trait loci

et al. 2013

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Untargeted LCMS profiling of semi-polar metabolites followed by metabolite quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analysis was performed in ripe pepper fruits of 113 F2 plants derived from a cross between Capsicum annuum AC1979 (no. 19) and Capsicum chinense No. 4661 Selection (no. 18). The parental accessions were selected based on their variation in fruit morphological characteristics and fruit content of some target phytonutrients. Clear segregation of fruit colour and fruit metabolite profiles was observed in the F2 population. The F2 plants formed three clusters based on their metabolite profiles. Of the total of 542 metabolites, 52 could be annotated, including a range of flavonoids, such as flavone C-glycosides, flavonol O-glycosides and naringenin chalcone, as well as several phenylpropanoids, a capsaicin analogue, fatty acid derivatives and amino acid derivatives. Interval mapping revealed 279 mQTLs in total. Two mQTL hotspots were found on chromosome 9. These two chromosomal regions regulated the relative levels of 35 and 103 metabolites, respectively. Analysis also revealed an mQTL for a capsaicin analogue, located on chromosome 7. Confirmation of flavonoid mQTLs using a set of six flavonoid candidate gene markers and their corresponding expression data (expression QTLs) indicated the Ca-MYB12 transcription factor gene on chromosome 1 and the gene encoding flavone synthase (FS-2) on chromosome 6 as likely causative genes determining the variation in naringenin chalcone and flavone C-glycosides, respectively, in this population. The combination of large-scale metabolite profiling and QTL analysis provided valuable insight into the genomic regions and genes important for the production of (secondary) metabolites in pepper fruit. This will impact breeding strategies aimed at optimising the content of specific metabolites in pepper fruit.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11032-013-9967-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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pc8.1, a major QTL for pigment content in pepper fruit, is associated with variation in plastid compartment size

Cited by 48 publications

References 36 publications

Beyond pathways: genetic dissection of tocopherol content in maize kernels by combining linkage and association analyses

Beyond pathways: genetic dissection of tocopherol content in maize kernels by combining linkage and association analyses

The zinc‐finger transcription factor CcLOL1 controls chloroplast development and immature pepper fruit color in Capsicum chinense and its function is conserved in tomato

Genetic mapping of semi-polar metabolites in pepper fruits (Capsicum sp.): towards unravelling the molecular regulation of flavonoid quantitative trait loci

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