“…Hospitality students are required to be well equipped with knowledge and skills (e.g., from lectures, tutorials, and subject assessments) and professionally trained (e.g., practicum requirement or internship); in this manner, they become competent enough to meet the market demand of their career choice ( Chen, Subhash, George, & Weiermair, 2012 ). Hospitality instructors usually adopt face-to-face teaching approaches, which involve discussions and personal interactions ( Lowton-Smith et al, 2019 ). Examples of these approaches are lectures, discussions, field trips, guest lectures, panels/symposia/fora, small group activities, games or simulations, student presentations, case studies, demonstrations, and experiments ( Deale, O’Halloran, Jacques, & Garger, 2010 ).…”