Penampilan Beberapa Klon Bawang Merah dan Hubungannya dengan Intensitas Serangan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan

Abstract

<p>Perkembangan varietas-varietas bawang merah di suatu daerah ditentukan oleh keserasian dengan lingkungan, potensi hasil, toleransi terhadap serangan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT), serta umur dan mutu hasil. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji penampilan beberapa klon bawang merah dan hubungannya dengan intensitas serangan OPT penting. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Brebes dan Tegal (Jawa Tengah) dari Bulan Juni sampai dengan September 2011. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah 10 klon bawang merah hasil silangan tahun 2004 dan 2005, serta dua varietas bawang merah sebagai pembanding (Bauji dan Bima Brebes). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dan diulang tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati ialah pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah anakan), hasil panen, dan serangan OPT penting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klon no. 2005/1 dapat beradaptasi dengan baik di Brebes dan Tegal, mampu menghasilkan produksi tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 9,95 dan 17,50 t/ha, mempunyai diameter umbi terbesar (1,87 dan 2,41 cm), bentuk umbi bulat, dan berwarna merah tua, sedangkan klon no. 2004/11 mempunyai pertumbuhan dan produktivitas yang tinggi, relatif toleran terhadap serangan Spodoptera exigua, Alternaria porri, dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, diameter umbi (1,67 dan 1,96 cm), bentuk umbi bulat, dan berwarna merah tua, sedangkan klon no. 2004/10 dan no. 2005/19 sangat rentan terhadap serangan hama S. exigua, penyakit A. porri, dan C. gloeosporioides. Klon-klon yang mempunyai tingkat serangan rendah/toleran terhadap OPT merupakan klon harapan bawang merah toleran/tahan OPT. Namun demikian, penggunaan pestisida sesuai dengan konsep pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) masih tetap diperlukan terutama apabila serangan OPT tersebut mencapai ambang pengendalian yang ditetapkan.</p><p> </p><p>The development of shallots varieties in one location depends on the genetic adaptability, yield potential, tolerance to pest and diseases, harvest date, yield and quality. The aim of study was to evaluate 10 clones and two local clones as check, Bima Brebes and Bauji were conducted in Brebes and Tegal (Central Java) from June to September 2011. The trial were laid out in a completely randomized block design and each treatment was replicated three times. The parameters used for evaluating these clones were plant height, no. of sprout, no. of leaves, yield and pests and diseases incidence. The results showed that considering overall performance, clone no. 2005/1 gave the highest yield (9.95 and 17.50 t/ha), and diameter of bulb (1.87 and 2.41 cm) in Brebes and Tegal respectively, clone no. 2004/11 produced growth and good yield and showed tolerance to Spodoptera exigua, Alternaria porri, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, bulb diameter (1.67 and 1.96 cm) with dark red color, while clone no. 2004/10 and no. 2005/19 were identified as the most susceptible clones to S. exigua, A. porri, and C. gloeosporioides. This suggests that some of shallots clones could be good candidates for the new varieties of shallots. However, the use of pesticides in IPM concept were still needed especially if the incidence of pests and diseases reach the action threshold.</p>

The Pengaruh Ukuran Siung dan Metode Simpan Benih Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bawang Putih

“…This indicates that the number of leaves and plant height are influenced by genetic factors in each variety. Different varieties or plant clones can affect the diversity of leaf numbers and plant height and are inherited to the next generation (Putrasamedja 2010, 2011, Putrasamedja et al 2012, Azmi 2011, Sinaga et al 2013, Kusuma 2013, Deden 2014). 10.5 5.0 Note: Numbers with the same letter in the same column indicate no significant difference based on the DMRT test at the level of α = 5%, tn: not significantly different…”

Beneficial Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Trichoderma on Diseased Shallot

“…Disease severity was observed as soon as the symptom appeared and it was repeated weekly. Fusarium basal rot and purple blotch were observed using the following formula (Ismiyatuningsih et al, 2016): DS = Disease severity n = number of plants or leaves infected v = disease score N = number of observed plants or leaves Z = highest score used Purple blotch disease was scored using scoring used by Putrasemedja et al (2012) with slight modifications : Score 0 = Healthy plants (no symptoms) Score 1 = the infected tissues are 0-10% of the leaf Score 2 = the infected tissues are 11-20% of the leaf Score 3 = the infected tissues are 21-40% of the leaf Score 4 = the infected tissues are 41-60% of the leaf Score 5 = the infected tissues are 61-100% of the leaf The score used for fusarium basal rot were (Nugroho et al, 2015): Score 0 = No symptoms Score 1 = Some leaves turn yellow but not dry Score 2 = Some leaves are dry but not withered Score 3 = Plants are wither but not yet rotten Score 4 = Roots are rotten Score 5 = Plants die The shallot crops were harvested at seven weeks after planting. The variables observed were fresh and dry weight of shallot shoot and and bulbs, as well as the root length.…”

UTILIZATION OF PAPAYA LEAVES (Carica papaya L.) TO CONTROL ONION PEST SPODOPTERA EXIGUA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)LEPIDOPTERA (NOCTUIDAE)

“…These pests attack in groups and simultaneously. Putrasamedja et al, (2012) stated in their research, attack S. exigua can cause yield loss ranging from 57-100% if it strikes in the vegetative phase. Larvae S. exigua attacks by eating the edges of the leaf edges, especially young leaves so that the leaves appear transparent, cut into pieces (Fattah and Ilyas, 2016).…”