Pengaruh Penambahan Minyak Kelapa, Minyak Biji Bunga Matahari, dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit terhadap Penurunan Produksi Metan di dalam Rumen secara in Vitro (The Effect of Addition Coconut Oil, Sunflower Seed Oil, and Palm Olein on Reducing Ruminal Methane Pro

Abstract

INTISARIPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak nabati, yang meliputi minyak kelapa, minyak biji bunga matahari, dan minyak kelapa sawit terhadap produksi metan, jumlah protozoa, kadar NH 3 , aktivitas carboximethyl cellulase (CMC-ase), dan kadar protein mikrobia pada fermentasi rumput raja dan bekatul oleh mikrobia rumen secara in vitro. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 macam perlakuan, yaitu melihat efek minyak kelapa, minyak biji bunga matahari, dan minyak kelapa sawit dan level penambahan minyak yaitu 0%, 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5%. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan. Fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan Hohenheim gas test (HGT) pada suhu 39°C selama 72 jam. Pada akhir fermentasi dilakukan koleksi gas metan, pengamatan produksi gas, jumlah protozoa, kadar NH 3 , aktivitas carboximethyl cellulase (CMC-ase), kadar protein mikrobia, dan nilai pH. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis variansi pola faktorial (3x4) dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata jumlah protozoa mengalami penurunan (P<0,05) sebesar 9,8%, 20,85%, dan 23,95% dan diikuti dengan penurunan rerata produksi metan (P<0,01) sebesar 11,11%, 15,79%, dan 18,51% pada penambahan minyak sebanyak 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5% dibandingkan dengan kontrol, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar NH 3 , aktivitas carboximethyl cellulase (CMC-ase), dan kadar protein mikrobia. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diambil kesimpulan penambahan minyak kelapa paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap penurunan produksi metan melalui inhibisi protozoa dan penambahan minyak hingga level 5,0% mampu menurunkan produksi metan sebesar 15,80%.

The use of coconut pulp as a feed substrate to methanogenesis inhibitor in in vitro rumen fluid fermentation

“…The results show that the provision of coconut pulp up to 20% in 100% dry matter has not led to changes in the microbial protein synthesis.The provision of 0-20% coconut pulp on the substrate of forage feed and concentrates with a ratio of 60:40 is in the range of 0.29-0.37 mg/mL. This study is in line with a research from Sitoresmi et al (2009) stating that the addition of coconut oil up to 7.5% could not bring an effect on microbial protein synthesis, microbial protein synthesis is in the range of 0.38 -0.39 mg/mL. The results of this study are still far below the results of research conducted by Yusiati et al (2008), which states that the addition of lemuru fish oil up to level of 7.5% dry matter on the fermentation of king grass and fine bran with a ratio of 80:20 in vitro has microbial protein synthesis on the range of 0.51-0.56 mg/mL.…”

“…The provision of coconut pulp up to 20%, NH 3 is in the range of 24.49-27.81 mg/100 mL. The results of this study are still far below the results of research conducted by Sitoresmi et al (2009) stated that the level of ammonia (NH 3 ) on the addition of oil up to 7.5% ranges from 33.24-34.53 mg/100m. Owen and Zinn (1988) stated that concentration of NH 3 varies greatly depending on the magnitude of feed degradation.…”

“…The decline in the number of protozoa on the fermentation of rumen which is given substrate containing medium chain fatty acids has been reported by Sondakh et al (2012) that medium chain fatty acids amounting to 1.0 -1.5% in 100% dry matter can reduce the number of protozoa by 29,84%. Likewise, the results of a study reported by Sitoresmi et al (2009) that the provision of coconut oil up to 5% can reduce the number of protozoa by 23.95%. Machmuller (2006) and Dohme et al (1999) states that medium chain fatty acid is the most powerful antiprotozoal that inhibits the growth and activity of ciliate protozoa (entodiniumspp).…”

“…In this study, ruminal pH is stable on the range of 6.6-7.0. The pH value on the fermentation of rumen fluid which is in vitro associated with the methane production has been reported also by Sitoresmi et al (2009);Harwanto et al (2014). The researchers stated that the fermentation of rumen fluid in vitro uses feed substrate which allegedly can reduce methane production, has not led to changes in pH value.…”

Changes in in Vitro Methane Production and Fatty Acid Profiles in Response to Cakalang Fish Oil Supplementation

“…Low ration in this study can be due to the increase of propionic acid after adding of feed substrate in CFO. The effect of unsaturated fatty acid addition on total and partial VFA concentrations was not in an agreement with Sitoresmi et al (2009) and Harwanto et al (2014). This was because addition of unsaturated fatty acids, types, and substrate proportion affected total VFA concentrations.…”