Penyebaran Benih Varietas Unggul Jambu Mete Di Kawasan Timur Dan Barat Indonesia

Abstract

<p>Rehabilitasi dan ekstensifikasi pertanaman jambu mete di sentra produksi merupakan program strategis untuk meningkatkan produksi nasional. Menteri Pertanian sudah melepas sembilan varietas unggul jambu mete nasional. Dalam pelaksanaannya, program rehabilitasi dan ekstensifikasi masih terkendala oleh terbatasnya jumlah benih unggul karena sistem penyebarannya masih belum tertata secara baik. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi penyebaran benih varietas unggul jambu mete di sentra produksi Kawasan Timur dan Barat Indonesia. Data primer diperoleh melalui survei lapangan secara sengaja (<em>purposive random sampling</em>) di beberapa lokasi calon kebun sumber benih, sedangkan data tentang penyebaran, asal-usul populasi dan penciri/karakteristik utama calon sumber benih jambu mete diperoleh berdasarkan <em>desk study</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesembilan varietas unggul jambu mete nasional, sebagian besar berasal dari hasil seleksi populasi pertanaman jambu mete milik petani di beberapa lokasi pengembangan mete. Penyebaran varietas unggul jambu mete tersebut mengikuti minat petani dan kondisi lingkungan yang sesuai dengan daerah pengembangannya yang baru. Varietas unggul yang banyak dikembangkan di Wilayah Timur Indonesia (NTT, NTB, Sulawesi Tenggara dan Maluku Utara) adalah keturunan dari populasi Muna dan MPF 1, sedangkan di Wilayah Barat Indonesia adalah keturunan varietas Meteor YK. Kemurnian benih dari calon kebun benih jambu mete perlu dimonitor mutunya karena jambu mete sifatnya menyerbuk silang. Selain itu, untuk menjamin ketersediaan benih sumber jambu mete berkelanjutan, setiap sentra produksi harus membangun kebun induk terbarukan karena blok penghasil tinggi jambu mete yang ada saat ini sudah tua dan produksinya akan terus menurun.</p>

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“…It is known that GAL 2 is a high yielding kencur variety that is very responsive and more stable to differences in its growing environment. Kencur GAL 2 is also specifically adapted to the growing environment at an altitude of 350-650 m asl with an essential oil content of 2.1-6.6% (Rostiana et al 2006;Rostiana and Effendi, 2007). PBG: Purbalingga, CLP: Cilacap, PWJ: Purworejo, KRA: Karanganyar, PCT: Pacitan, MAD: Madiun, GAL1: Galesia 1, GAL2: Galesia 2, and GAL3: Galesia 3.…”

“…The quality of kencur is determined by the content of essential oils with the main component ethyl-p-methoxy cinnamate (EPMS), which is a secondary metabolite derived from cinnamic acid from the phenol group which is responsible for the distinctive aroma and taste of kencur (Tripathi et al 2013). Research on the effect of altitude on the secondary metabolite content of kencur has been reported by Roemantyo and Somaatmadja (1996), Yusron and Januwati (2003), Rostiana and Effendi (2007), Rostiana et al (2009), and Rostiana and Subaryanti (2010). However, research on the total phenolic content of several accessions of kencur from Purbalingga (PBG), Cilacap (CLP), Purworejo (PWJ), Karanganyar (KRA), Pacitan (PCT), and Madiun (MAD) at several altitudes has not been carried out.…”

“…Likewise, the essential oil content for GAL 1, GAL 2, and GAL 3 were 3.9%, 6.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. The three varieties are susceptible to Ralstonia solanacearum bacteria, and grow well in low, medium, and highlands (Rostiana and Effendi, 2007). Differences in altitude will affect the growth, yield, and quality of kencur.…”

Growth and Yield Characters of Two Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Cultivars at Different Ages in Baubau City, South-East Sulawesi Province

“…Unfortunately, there is no detailed information about the characteristics of growth and yield due to the lack of research on cashew in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi. Rostiana et al (2017) reported the rare research in distinguishing the quantity and quality of yield between yellow and red pseudo-fruits. On the other hand, the information of growth characteristics and yield are able to be used as a reference for the planting management in optimizing the productivity of cashew plantation such as fertilization, pruning, rejuvenation, and cultivating of the plant material.…”

“…Higher yields plant is usually supported by an optimum photosynthetic rate. Rostiana et al (2017) reported that the most cultivated varieties of cashew plant in Indonesia were the varieties with the red and yellow color in pseudo-fruit. Both of cashew cultivars could be distinguished from the color of their pseudo-fruit.…”