No abstract

<p>Rehabilitasi dan ekstensifikasi pertanaman jambu mete di sentra produksi merupakan program strategis untuk meningkatkan produksi nasional. Menteri Pertanian sudah melepas sembilan varietas unggul jambu mete nasional. Dalam pelaksanaannya, program rehabilitasi dan ekstensifikasi masih terkendala oleh terbatasnya jumlah benih unggul karena sistem penyebarannya masih belum tertata secara baik. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi penyebaran benih varietas unggul jambu mete di sentra produksi Kawasan Timur dan Barat Indonesia. Data primer diperoleh melalui survei lapangan secara sengaja (<em>purposive random sampling</em>) di beberapa lokasi calon kebun sumber benih, sedangkan data tentang penyebaran, asal-usul populasi dan penciri/karakteristik utama calon sumber benih jambu mete diperoleh berdasarkan <em>desk study</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesembilan varietas unggul jambu mete nasional, sebagian besar berasal dari hasil seleksi populasi pertanaman jambu mete milik petani di beberapa lokasi pengembangan mete. Penyebaran varietas unggul jambu mete tersebut mengikuti minat petani dan kondisi lingkungan yang sesuai dengan daerah pengembangannya yang baru. Varietas unggul yang banyak dikembangkan di Wilayah Timur Indonesia (NTT, NTB, Sulawesi Tenggara dan Maluku Utara) adalah keturunan dari populasi Muna dan MPF 1, sedangkan di Wilayah Barat Indonesia adalah keturunan varietas Meteor YK. Kemurnian benih dari calon kebun benih jambu mete perlu dimonitor mutunya karena jambu mete sifatnya menyerbuk silang. Selain itu, untuk menjamin ketersediaan benih sumber jambu mete berkelanjutan, setiap sentra produksi harus membangun kebun induk terbarukan karena blok penghasil tinggi jambu mete yang ada saat ini sudah tua dan produksinya akan terus menurun.</p>

<em>East Kalimantan is one of production center for white blackpepper, known as Samarinda White Pepper products. The variety developed in East Kalimantan is a local blackpepper variety that is not yet known for its characteristics. The research was conducted to observe the production and quality of local blackpepper in East Kalimantan, specifically in Kutai Kartanegara Regency which is the widest blackpepper development area in East Kalimantan. The observation was conducted for two years, at three locations of high yielding block (BPT) in Loa Janan and one non-BPT location in Muara Badak, as a local origin of local East Kalimantan blackpepper which is currently developing in Loa Janan. The environmental design used was a Randomized Block Design, with four trial sites, repeated six times in each location, using the same variety (local blackpepper). The average production for two years of observation reached 2.94 kg fresh berries/tree equivalent to 2.17 tons of white pepper/ha/year. However, the average of spikes containing pepper berries reached only 61.3% per panicle. Therefore, it requires intensive fertilization with appropriate dosage and fertilizer type to increase the expression of its potential genetic because local pepper of East Kalimantan bears fruit continuously throughout the year. Result of yield-quality analysis showed that local white pepper of East Kalimantan contained 11.23% oleoresin and 3.82% piperin, higher than Petaling 1 (10.66% and 3.03%, respectively). The superiority characteristics of local blackpepper of East Kalimantan is a distinctive aroma and spicy flavor, due to the high content of piperin and oleoresin</em>.

<em>The quality and quantity of nutmeg fruit, seed and mace can be improved through managing fruit and seed production.  Fruit development was affected by climate, flower initiation and pollination process. This study aimed to determine the correlation between climate, position, distance of pollen donor to female nutmeg trees, and the ratio of female and male trees to nutmeg yield.  The study was conducted at the nutmeg germplasm collection garden at Cicurug (550 m asl), Sukabumi, tested 295 nutmeg trees from 27 locations in Indonesia. Data production of female trees was based on 2005-2017 data. All nutmeg trees were mapped using the GPS Garmin 76c5x.  Tree sex was determined by male or female flowers domination in each tree. Correlation of the climate factors and production was analyzed using Pearson Correlation. The distance, position and the proportion of female to male trees were evalated by t-test at 5% level.  Ratio of female and male trees to produce high yield was 4 : 1. Rainfall (280-430 mm/month) and temperature (24 - 25^oC)   during  the  pollination  period  (8-7  months  before  harvesting)  were <em>positively correlated with production by 57.9 % and 82.3 %. The position and distance of pollen donors to female trees had no effect on production.  However, the distance between pollen donors and female trees above 15 m produced an average production equal to 15 m. The number of trees around tree samples had no effect on nutmeg production, but light intensity at 61,425-88,480 lux absorbed by trees could enhance the yield.  Nutmeg required sunlight to penetrate plant canopy in order to induce fruit production.</em></em>

<em>Banda Nutmeg (</em>Myristica fragrans<em>), is one of Indonesia's main spices commodities. Maluku Island, North Maluku, Siau, and Papua are the center of origins and center of nutmeg diversity; whereas, Bogor is the largest nutmeg cultivation area in West Java. The diversity and relationship between Bogor nutmeg with Maluku nutmeg have not been studied, even though it is crucial for local varieties selection and seeds provision. The study aimed to determine the diversity and relationship of nutmegs from Tidore, Ternate, and Bogor. The experiment was conducted in eight locations: Tidore (Gurabunga and Jaya), Ternate (Marikurubu), and Bogor (Cigombong, Ciawi, Leuwisadeng, Sukajadi, and Tamansari) from November 2017 - December 2018. Materials used were 46 nutmeg accessions of 8 – 30 year old plants with good growth and known of their origin. The experiments were performed using direct observation methods on habitus, leaf, fruit, seed, mace,  and flower followed IPGRI descriptor.  The results showed that qualitative diversity was</em> <em>observed in the fruit shape, shape of fruit-based and fruit-tip, fruit color, and tree shape. Mace thickness was the most substantial diversity for the quantitative character (50.38 %). The difference within intra-population in all aspects observed was low, except for the fruit character and mace weight. The genetic relatedness of the Bogor population was closer to Ternate (60 %) than Tidore (46 %). The genetic relationship amongst five Bogor populations found to be very close. Further, Leuwisadeng, Tamansari, and Sukajadi populations were found to have the highest genetic relationship and similarity (80 %).</em>