“…Therefore, serial-hybrids are advantageous for partial loads in urban areas and heavy traffic, resulting in lower total CO 2 emissions. This parallels the results found in the literature [ 1 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Considering environmental issues, a transition to electric and hybrid drive vehicle systems has been occurring in recent years [ 1 ]. Nonetheless, numerous countries lack sufficient power plant capacity and electricity grid infrastructure to facilitate the widespread adoption of electric vehicles [ 2 ].…”
“…Therefore, serial-hybrids are advantageous for partial loads in urban areas and heavy traffic, resulting in lower total CO 2 emissions. This parallels the results found in the literature [ 1 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Considering environmental issues, a transition to electric and hybrid drive vehicle systems has been occurring in recent years [ 1 ]. Nonetheless, numerous countries lack sufficient power plant capacity and electricity grid infrastructure to facilitate the widespread adoption of electric vehicles [ 2 ].…”
“…Superscripts 'n' and 'n+1' denote the current, and following timesteps respectively. Substituting equations ( 6) and ( 7) into (5), and defining the Fourier number,…”
Section: Finite Difference Solution Of the 1d Equivalent Modelmentioning
“…where By substituting equations (A.23) and (A.16) into equation (A.22), the expression of the stiffness matrix K can be obtained, as expressed in equations ( 16)∼ (19).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Karpta et al [17] proposed an experimental technique to investigate the effects of drive side pressure angle on the stiffness and measured the single-tooth stiffness of an involute spur gear experimentally. Koten et al [18,19] conducted an experiment to verify a numerical model in the study of a combustion engine. However, due to the significant difference between curvic couplings and another two joints, the existing methods which help to determine the stiffness of the latter two connection structures cannot be fully applied to curvic couplings.…”
Curvic couplings are frequently used in aeroengine rotors. The stiffness of the curvic couplings is of guiding significance to the engineering design of aeroengine rotors as it is significantly different from that of continuous structures. In this paper, definitions and relations of the structure parameters for a curvic coupling are firstly introduced. Based on this proposed mechanical framework, a novel mechanical model accounting for the stiffness weakening under shearing, compression, bending, and torsion is developed for curvic couplings. In this model, a three-spring system, which consists of two types of springs, is adopted to describe the equivalent stiffness of a pair of meshing teeth of curvic couplings. The spring stiffness is obtained by employing the plane strain analysis of a discretized tooth with trapezoid pieces. Subsequently, the stiffness matrix of curvic couplings is deduced based on the deformation compatibility of each tooth and the force balance of the whole structure. A series of analyses of curvic couplings with various structure types are performed to demonstrate the mechanism behind the proposed model, and the results are verified against those obtained from finite element analyses. It is shown in this study that the pressure angle is the major factor affecting the stiffness of curvic couplings, while the compression stiffness and bending stiffness are more sensitive than other stiffnesses. Furthermore, the stiffness of curvic couplings is considerably smaller compared to that of continuous structures, indicating the importance of appropriate modelling of stiffness weakening in the design of aeroengine rotors.
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