Persistence of endodontic infection and Enterococcus faecalis: Role of horizontal gene transfer

Abstract

The endodontic literature states that a diversity of microorganisms is implicated in cause of root canal infection. There may be a possibility that the actual existence of a specific species is not as imperative as the presence of specific virulent strains of that organism. There are genetic modifications in the cell that furnish an organism with greater pathogenicity. Primary and persistent endodontic infections have difference in their micro-flora. Primary infections usually comprises of mostly anaerobic microbiota whereas multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecalis has been linked to persistent endodontic disease. Horizontal gene transfer is a mechanism that leads to a varied number of traits including acquired antibiotic resistance. Horizontal gene transfer takes place by three processes transduction, conjugation and transformation. The present review expatiates on the mechanism of horizontal gene transfer of acquired antibiotic resistance in E.faecalis.

Medicación intraconducto frente al Enterococcus faecalis

“…Es responsable de enfermedades mortales para el ser humano debido a su capacidad de supervivencia y resistencia a medicamentos y ambientes que coloniza. Por su presencia en la cavidad bucal, se le atribuye como la principal causa del fracaso del tratamiento endodóntico en la mayoría de los casos (14, [16][17][18]. través de una filtración directa o por la supervivencia del microorganismo en el conducto luego de haber realizado el tratamiento endodóntico.…”

The distinguishing effects of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of different extremely high frequencies on Enterococcus hirae : growth rate inhibition and scanning electron microscopy analysis

“…; Jain et al . ). Thus, structural and functional peculiarities of E. hirae, especially membrane composition and properties, are the focus of this study.…”

“…It is clear that cellular mechanisms of EMF effects should be studied further. These effects are of significance, since E. hirae can be considered as a model organism for Gram-positive bacteria (Gaechter et al 2012;Torgomyan et al 2012); in addition, they are among commensal and pathogenic bacteria in nature (Vela et al 2015), they can be used as probiotics, applied in dairy production or, on the other hand, can be linked to different diseases in human organism (Gilad et al 1998;Fisher and Phillips 2009;Chan et al 2012;El-Ghaish et al 2015;Garc ıa-Hern andez et al 2016;Jain et al 2016). Thus, structural and functional peculiarities of E. hirae, especially membrane composition and properties, are the focus of this study.…”

Molecular Cloning and Immunogenicity Evaluation of PpiC, GelE, and VS87_01105 Proteins of Enterococcus faecalis as Vaccine Candidates

“…This trend has raised a serious concern about the treatment of infected individuals. Moreover, horizontal gene transfer has been reported to play an essential role in the spread of resistant enterococci to other susceptible species [16] . Consequently, treatment of these infections is becoming increasingly challenging and might lead to increases in patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs [17] .…”