Persistent rhinovirus infection in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with impaired cellular immunity

Piralla, Antonio; Zecca, Marco; Comoli, Patrizia; Girello, Alessia; Maccario, Rita; Baldanti, Fausto

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2015.03.022

“…While detection rates of rhinoviruses with traditional diagnostic methods is low, detection rate (28.1%-58%) has increased in recent years with the use of multiplex molecular methods (2,6,34). Rhinovirus infections that heal on its own in a short time in healthy individuals can last longer in immunosuppressed patients and lead to significant complications.…”

Section: Rhinovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the development of viral respiratory tract infection (VRTI), HSCT (especially from an unrelated donor), umbilical cord blood transplantation, acute or chronic GVHD development, lymphopenia, insufficient engraftment, CMV seropositivity, and the male gender are among the risk factors (2)(3)(4)(5). It has been reported that VRTI frequency and complications in the first 100 days after transplantation are higher (4,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Respiratory Tract Infections After Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients

Sağlık¹,

Çolak²

2017

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Viral respiratory tract infections (VRTI) after hematopoietic stem cell/ bone marrow transplantation (HSCT) are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Although protective measures have been increased from VRTI for HSCT patients in recent years, these infections are still a serious problem. Treatment regimens which applied for preparation of HSCT and immunosuppressive treatments, used to prevent graft versus host disease (GVHD), especially in patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation, can lead to suppression of the patients immune system and become more sensitive to the respiratory viral infectious agents. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important because they can prevent serious complications which can cause of these infections and ensure the infection control measures. Nucleic acid-based tests have begun to use widely in recent years, have provided rapid, accurate and reliable diagnosis of respiratory viral infectious agents. In particular, with the introduction of the multiplex molecular assays that able to simultaneously detect many pathogens, has facilitated the diagnosis of some pathogens which couldn't detected by conventional methods previously. In this article, VRTI, and viral respiratory infections agents encountered in HSCT performed children are presented as a literature review.

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“…VSYE'nin gelişmesinde, AKHA (özellikle akraba dışı vericiden), göbek kordonu kanı aktarımı, akut ya da süregen GVHH gelişmesi, lenfopeni, yetersiz engraftman, CMV seropozitifliği ve erkek cinsiyet risk etmenleri arasında sayılmaktadır (2-5). Aktarım sonrası ilk 100 günde VSYE sıklığı ve art sorunlarının daha yüksek olduğu bildirilmiştir (4,6).…”

Section: Sağlık Ve çOlakunclassified

Kök Hücre Aktarımı Yapılan Çocuklarda Virüs Nedenli Solunum Yolu Enfeksiyonları

Sağlık¹,

Çolak²

2017

J Pediatr Inf

0

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Viral respiratory tract infections (VRTI) after hematopoietic stem cell/ bone marrow transplantation (HSCT) are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Although protective measures have been increased from VRTI for HSCT patients in recent years, these infections are still a serious problem. Treatment regimens which applied for preparation of HSCT and immunosuppressive treatments, used to prevent graft versus host disease (GVHD), especially in patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation, can lead to suppression of the patients immune system and become more sensitive to the respiratory viral infectious agents. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important because they can prevent serious complications which can cause of these infections and ensure the infection control measures. Nucleic acid-based tests have begun to use widely in recent years, have provided rapid, accurate and reliable diagnosis of respiratory viral infectious agents. In particular, with the introduction of the multiplex molecular assays that able to simultaneously detect many pathogens, has facilitated the diagnosis of some pathogens which couldn't detected by conventional methods previously. In this article, VRTI, and viral respiratory infections agents encountered in HSCT performed children are presented as a literature review.

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“…60 Globulin-replacement therapy is generally not helpful, because the infectious burden of rhinovirus in HSCT recipients is mainly due to impairment of the T-cell mediated immunity. 61 …”

Section: Consequences Of Viral Infection or Reactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in treatment of viral infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Moschovi¹,

Adamaki²,

Vlahopoulos³

2016

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In children, the most commonly encountered type of leukemia is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). An important source of morbidity and mortality in ALL are viral infections. Even though allogeneic transplantations, which are often applied also in ALL, carry a recognized risk for viral infections, there are multiple factors that make ALL patients susceptible to viral infections. The presence of those factors has an influence in the type and severity of infections. Currently available treatment options do not guarantee a positive outcome for every case of viral infection in ALL, without significant side effects. Side effects can have very serious consequences for the ALL patients, which include nephrotoxicity. For this reason a number of strategies for personalized intervention have been already clinically tested, and experimental approaches are being developed. Adoptive immunotherapy, which entails administration of ex vivo grown immune cells to a patient, is a promising approach in general, and for transplant recipients in particular. The ex vivo grown cells are aimed to strengthen the immune response to the virus that has been identified in the patients’ blood and tissue samples. Even though many patients with weakened immune system can benefit from progress in novel approaches, a viral infection still poses a very significant risk for many patients. Therefore, preventive measures and supportive care are very important for ALL patients.

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Persistent rhinovirus infection in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with impaired cellular immunity

Abstract: This study suggests a role for cellular immunity in HRV clearance and highlights the importance of its recovery for the control of HRV infection in HSCT recipients.

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Viral Respiratory Tract Infections After Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients

Viral Respiratory Tract Infections After Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients

Kök Hücre Aktarımı Yapılan Çocuklarda Virüs Nedenli Solunum Yolu Enfeksiyonları

Progress in treatment of viral infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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