Pesticides Residues in Shallow Ground Waters From Five Cotton Growing Areas of Mali

Abstract

The cotton production in Mali is made with a massive use of fertilizers and pesticides. This use of pesticides against cotton pests raises questions about the level of pollution of the environment in general and the groundwater from the cotton basin of Mali in particular. The study consists of sampling shallow ground water from two areas, each considered vulnerable to ground water contamination from agricultural chemicals. It carried out in the regions of Koulikoro and Sikasso, then consisted of a search for residues of four organochlorine pesticides (DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan α and lindane) and one pyrethrinoid (deltamethrin) in the well water. Five sampling sites (Kassela, Koumantou, Ouelessebougou, Sido and Tienfala) were explored. Two collection seasons were carried out in September 2016 (S1) and September 2017 (S2). They involved a total of 104 well water samples divided into 78 wells without margins and 26 wells with margins. The samples were extracted and analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with an Electron Capture Detector. The results show the presence of pesticide residues at measurable concentration for 80 of the 104 wells from the five sites. Pesticides residues were determined in 76.92% of the samples. The pesticide with the highest detection frequency was Deltamethrin which was detected in 20 of the 80 contaminated wells.

Détermination de la qualité sanitaire de la pomme de terre (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) consommée à Bamako (Mali)

“…D'après le CILSS (2003b), les formulations choisies pour les engrais au Mali ne sont pas forcément adaptées à la culture de la pomme de terre et les quantités apportées ne sont pas toujours raisonnées selon les besoins de la plante. De plus, une analyse de l'eaux, surtout peu profondes de certains sites maraichers objet d'une utilisation massive d'engrais et de pesticides a permis de déterminer des résidus de pesticides dans 76,92% des échantillons sur 80 des 104 puits ciblés sur cinq sites sélectionnés au Mali (Maiga et al, 2019). Or l'utilisation de l'engrais chimique dans l'agriculture est généralement décriée dans l'agriculture durable à cause des composants chimiques qui entrent dans la chaine trophique.…”