pour avoir financé à travers le « Fonds Etude et Recherche » les travaux de cette étude. RESUME Les pesticides organochlorés à cause de leur stabilité chimique persistent et s'accumulent dans différents milieux des régions où ils sont utilisés régulièrement et pénètrent dans la chaîne alimentaire. Leur grande liposolubilité fait qu'ils peuvent être retrouvés dans le lait. La présente étude, réalisée au niveau des zones des grands bassins laitiers au Mali-Sud, vise à déterminer les teneurs en résidus de cinq pesticides organochlorés dans le lait de vache. Les échantillons de lait collecté (n=100) ont été prélevés au niveau de cinq sites des régions de Koulikoro et Sikasso. Ils ont été extraits et analysés à l'aide d'un chromatographe en phase gazeuse Agilent 7890A équipé d'un détecteur à captures d'électrons (ECD). L'analyse des résultats a montré une contamination du lait par les cinq pesticides organochlorés. La charge moyenne totalisée par type de pesticide a été de : 0,97 ± 0,45 mg/L pour le dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroéthane (DDT) détecté dans 24% des échantillons de lait, 0,61 ± 0,53 mg/L pour l'endosulfane β (18%), 0,53 ± 0,44 mg/L pour l'endosulfane α (19%), 0,41 ± 0,29 mg/L pour 13% de dieldrine et 0,08 ± 0,10 mg/L pour seulement 4% de lindane. Ces teneurs expliquent l'influence de l'utilisation des pesticides sur la bioconcentration des cinq pesticides dans le lait de vache des zones de production cotonnière.

Fishing is a millennial tradition in Mali. It is an important sub-sector of the Malian economy, depending in particular on the Niger River, which is 4,200 km long, including 1,700 km in Mali. Its potential importance of existing resources is expressed in its socio-cultural role, job creation, food security and poverty reduction. Due to their pervasiveness, mycotoxinproducing molds are able to reduce the nutritional value of smoked fish by developing several mycotoxins. Smoked fish contaminated with mycotoxins have harmful effects on human health. Samples of smoked fish for sale were collected in the six communes of the district of Bamako and analyzed to determine the fungal flora as well as the concentration of mycotoxins. The mycoflora study of smoked fish has shown that the concentration of fungi varies between 0.5.10 4 CFU/g to 14.10 4 CFU/g DM. whereas aflatoxins by the ELISA method aflatoxin kits (AF) (RIDASCREEN FAST, R-Biopharm AG) were detected in 60 samples taken. This study indicates the need for a continuous assessment of the mycological state of the smoked fish production chain in order to guarantee consumer safety. SAS software was used for all analyzes and the differences were considered significant when p<0.05.

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The cotton production in Mali is made with a massive use of fertilizers and pesticides. This use of pesticides against cotton pests raises questions about the level of pollution of the environment in general and the groundwater from the cotton basin of Mali in particular. The study consists of sampling shallow ground water from two areas, each considered vulnerable to ground water contamination from agricultural chemicals. It carried out in the regions of Koulikoro and Sikasso, then consisted of a search for residues of four organochlorine pesticides (DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan α and lindane) and one pyrethrinoid (deltamethrin) in the well water. Five sampling sites (Kassela, Koumantou, Ouelessebougou, Sido and Tienfala) were explored. Two collection seasons were carried out in September 2016 (S1) and September 2017 (S2). They involved a total of 104 well water samples divided into 78 wells without margins and 26 wells with margins. The samples were extracted and analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with an Electron Capture Detector. The results show the presence of pesticide residues at measurable concentration for 80 of the 104 wells from the five sites. Pesticides residues were determined in 76.92% of the samples. The pesticide with the highest detection frequency was Deltamethrin which was detected in 20 of the 80 contaminated wells.

This study was part of a basic assessment of the level of contamination of precooked fonio by pesticide residues in Bamako. Thus, 36 samples of precooked fonio were collected. The active ingredients of five organochlorine pesticides (op’ DDT, pp’ DDT, Endosulfans α and β and Dieldrin), categorized as persistent and obsolete organic pollutants in Mali, have been investigated and quantified by gas chromatography. The results showed high rates of pesticide residues contamination in the tested precooked fonio samples into twenty nine of 36 samples (75%). About 59% of the samples have contained two or more pesticides while 30% three or more pesticides. The Endosulfan β was the most detected pesticides (15 times) in our samples followed by the pp’ DDT (13 times). The total pesticides residues per samples of the five pesticides active ingredients have varied from 0.037 to 1.874 mg/kg. In other side, the total residues per individual pesticide varied from 3.377 mg/kg for op’ DDT to 0.984 mg/kg for Dieldrin. According to the Codex Alimentarius norms, the most of the tested precooked fonio are unsafety for consumption. These data showed that these organochlorine pesticides are present in our foodstuffs despite their prohibition.