Pharmacological Properties of a New Antihistaminic Agent, Phenyltoloxamine (Bristamin)*†

Hoekstra, Justin B.; Tisch, D. E.; Rakieten, Nathan; Dickison, H. L.

doi:10.1002/jps.3030421002

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the first experiment with mice, dosing was stopped in all groups after 13 doses because so many had escaped that the results could not be properly evaluated. During this time there were no deaths in the group receiving the low dose of kanamycin, but the 6 neomycin mice that had not escaped died.…”

Section: Subacute and Chronic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Studies With Kanamycin

Tisch

Huftalen

Dickison

1958

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Section: Subacute and Chronic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Studies With Kanamycin

Tisch

Huftalen

Dickison

1958

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…However, a large oral dose of urethane 1 g. /kg. or more was undesirable, for the narcotic action lasted some 6 to 10 hr., and the animals lost their cough and swallowing reflexes completely (Brown and Werner, 1949;Brown, E Thompson, Klahm, and Werner, 1950;Hoekstra, Tisch, Rakieten, and Dickison, 1954;Tripod, 1949). The dose of urethane is therefore critical.…”

Section: Analysis Of Factors Influencing Salivary Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assay of Anti‐acetylcholine Agents for Antagonism of Pilocarpine‐induced Salivation in Rabbits

Brown¹,

Quinton²

1957

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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Experimental conditions affecting tests of atropine-like agents for antagonism of pilocarpineinduced salivation in rabbits have been examined. A simple method of assay of such agents is described. It gave results of fair accuracy and reproducibility, permitted a full statistical analysis, and provided an estimate of the error.The effect of drugs on salivary flow has been examined in experimental animals by several techniques. Cushny (1920) Dickison, 1954; Tripod, 1949). The dose of urethane is therefore critical.The variation in the amount of saliva collected in 30 min. with the dose of urethane was determined after various doses of pilocarpine, for one set of eight rabbits (Fig. 1). The drugs were given in random order, over 41 weeks, each animal receiving every possible combination. At all three doses of pilocarpine, the slopes of the urethane dose-response lines were very steep. Indeed, the urethane dose appeared to control the response more effectively than did the pilocarpine. The urethane probably did not affect the actual rate of salivation, but only increased the efficiency of collection.An oral dose of 0.5 to 0.625 g./kg. of urethane was effectively sedative to the rabbits without producing loss of consciousness, and a good collection of saliva was possible. Collection was more efficient from rabbits given 1.0 g. / kg. urethane, but, owing to the risk of harmful effects to the animals, 0.5 to 0.625 g./kg. was preferred.The urethane was administered orally in 25 ml. saline to ensure adequate hydration and a good reserve of body water upon which to draw during and after the profuse salivation.No other anaesthetic was tried in these investigations.Dose of Pilocarpine.-Doses of pilocarpine used by previous workers in this field have ranged from 0.25 mg./kg. (Fromherz, 1933) to 100 mg./ kg. subcutaneously (Graham and Lazarus, 1940). The relation between the dose of pilocarpine nitrate and the salivary response was investigated over the range of 1.25 to 5.0 mg./kg., at three

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“…Hydrocodone (4,5a-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-morphinan-6-one) is a semi-synthetic narcotic antitussive and analgesic with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine [1,2]. It is postulated that the drug's antitussive effects come from its direct depression of the medulla.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Hydrocodone, and Its Two Metabolites in Human Plasma by HPLC–MS–MS

Guang-tao

Chen²,

Dong

et al. 2011

Chromatographia

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A rapid, sensitive and specific assay method has been developed to simultaneously determine human plasma concentrations of hydrocodone and its metabolites, norhydrocodone, hydromorphone, using high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS). Hydrocodone, its metabolites, and internal standard, hydrocodone-d 3 , norhydrocodone-d 3 , hydromorphone-d 3 , were separated from human plasma using solid-phase extraction (Empore MPC-SD Solid Phase Extraction Disk). The eluate was dried, reconstituted and injected into the LC-MS-MS system. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil 100-5SIL-Dimensions C 18 column (100 9 2.1 mm, 5.0 lm, Thermo Hypersil-Keystone, USA) using a gradient mobile phase with 20 mmol L -1 ammonium formate in water with 0.2% formic acid and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Detection and quantitation were performed by MS/MS using electrospray ionization and multiple reactions monitoring in the positive ion mode. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges 0.05-50 ng mL -1 for hydrocodone (r 2 = 0.9991) and norhydrocodone (r 2 = 0.9990), and 0.01-10 ng mL -1 for hydromorphone (r 2 = 0.9990). The limit of quantification was 0.05 ng mL -1 for hydrocodone and norhydrocodone, and 0.01 ng mL -1 for hydromorphone. The extraction recovery was above 64.36, 68.51 and 71.78% for hydrocodone, norhydrocodone and hydromorphone. The accuracy was higher than 99.06, 97.70 and 100.07% for hydrocodone, norhydrocodone and hydromorphone. The intra-and inter-day precisions were \5.80, 5.90 and 3.02% for hydrocodone, norhydrocodone and hydromorphone. The method was accurate, sensitive and simple and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after a single oral administration of hydrocodone bitartrate at a dose of 5 mg in 12 healthy Chinese volunteers.

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Pharmacological Properties of a New Antihistaminic Agent, Phenyltoloxamine (Bristamin)*†

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Pharmacological Studies With Kanamycin

Pharmacological Studies With Kanamycin

The Assay of Anti‐acetylcholine Agents for Antagonism of Pilocarpine‐induced Salivation in Rabbits

Simultaneous Determination of Hydrocodone, and Its Two Metabolites in Human Plasma by HPLC–MS–MS

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