Phase-Noise Analysis in Rotary Traveling-Wave Oscillators Using Simple Physical Model

Takinami, Koji; Walsworth, R. L.; Osman, Saleh; Beccue, S.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2010.2047914

Cited by 50 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…LPTV analysis of the delay-line oscillator follows similarly to that of the LC oscillator, so we omit that analysis for brevity; for further examples applying the LPTV method to delay-line oscillators, see for instance [30,32]. The following steps through the procedure for LTI conversion method phase-noise analysis of the delay-line oscillator.…”

Section: Delay-line Oscillator Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this viewpoint allowed straightforward application of linear time-invariant (LTI) noise analysis to high-Q resonant oscillators and could yield accurate results in those cases, the *Correspondence to: Erik Pankratz, Silicon Laboratories, Austin, TX, USA. Modifying the approach to include linear periodically time-varying (LPTV) effects can yield more accurate results [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] (LTI/LPTV in Section 4.2). Modifying the approach to include linear periodically time-varying (LPTV) effects can yield more accurate results [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] (LTI/LPTV in Section 4.2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of integrated‐circuit‐oscillator phase‐noise analysis

Pankratz

Sánchez-Sinencio

2013

Circuit Theory & Apps

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This tutorial distills the salient phase-noise analysis concepts and key equations developed over the last 75 years relevant to integrated circuit oscillators. Oscillator phase and amplitude fluctuations have been studied since at least 1938 when Berstein solved the Fokker-Planck equations for the phase/amplitude distributions of a resonant oscillator.The principal contribution of this work is the organized, unified presentation of eclectic phase-noise analysis techniques, facilitating their application to integrated circuit oscillator design. Furthermore, we demonstrate that all these methods boil down to obtaining three things: (1) noise modulation function; (2) noise transfer function; and (3) current-controlled oscillator gain. For each method, this paper provides a short background explanation of the technique, a step-by-step procedure of how to apply the method to hand calculation/computer simulation, and a worked example to demonstrate how to analyze a practical oscillator circuit with that method.This survey article chiefly deals with phase-noise analysis methods, so to restrict its scope, we limit our discussion to the following: (1) analyzing integrated circuit metal-oxide-semiconductor/bipolar junction transistor-based LC, delay, and ring oscillator topologies; (2) considering a few oscillator harmonics in our analysis; (3) analyzing thermal/flicker intrinsic device-noise sources rather than environmental/parametric noise/ wander; (4) providing mainly qualitative amplitude-noise discussions; and (5) omitting measurement methods/phase-noise reduction techniques.We categorize oscillators into one of three varieties, as illustrated in Figure 3: resonant, delay line, or relaxation. First, the resonant oscillator consists of a nonlinear amplifier and a lumped frequencyselective network or resonator, which typically has a band-pass frequency response with a single magnitude peak as indicated conceptually in the figure. This resonator can take the form of an LC tank circuit, dielectric puck, quartz crystal, SAW or bulk acoustic wave transducer, yttrium iron garnet resonator, or ceramic disk resonator to name a few [43,147,148]. IC resonant oscillators typically use LC tanks, although they are often designed to work in concert with an external 874 E. PANKRATZ AND E. SÁNCHEZ-SINENCIO ! ss t ð Þ correspond to the roughly circular trajectory in the figure called a limit cycle [150].Figure 4. Optoelectronic delay-line oscillator. 876 E. PANKRATZ AND E. SÁNCHEZ-SINENCIO For some subtleties of amplitude-noise behavior, see [50,143], where [50] also points out effects of not employing Floquet normalization (cf. Section 4.7).½ =fVoigt ð Þ 2(Gaussian) at small offsets [78,151,152,154]. Chorti also observed that, in general, noise processes with long correlation times tend to create such 'Gaussian' voltage spectra for small frequency offsets f m [151,152]. 4 Note well that, technically, defining spectra for f proves problematic, as it is not stationary and, what is worse, not bounded. This is in fact one reason why the ...

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Section: Delay-line Oscillator Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of integrated‐circuit‐oscillator phase‐noise analysis

Pankratz

Sánchez-Sinencio

2013

Circuit Theory & Apps

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“…Back-to-back inverters are connected to this parallel loop to compensate for the [12,15,21,30,35,39], including zero clock skew operation [14,16], interconnect modeling [13], frequency estimation [32], phase estimation and control [31,34,38], phase noise [29] and variation-sensitivity [33]. Prototype designs have been demonstrated [28,37].…”

Section: Traveling Wave Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance, low-power resonant clocking

Guthaus

Taşkın

2012

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design

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Clock distribution networks consume a significant portion of onchip power. Traditional buffered clock distribution power is limited by frequency, capacitance, and activity rates. Resonant clock distributions can reduce this power by "recycling" energy on-chip and reducing the overall clock power. This tutorial introduces recent techniques for distributed-LC, traveling wave, and standing wave resonant clock distributions. In particular, the tutorial discusses the recent developments and open research problems. The tutorial covers both circuits, computer-aided design algorithms and methodologies for resonant clocking.

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“…The uncertainty of the signal rotation direction is due to the dependence of oscillation (and its direction) on the distribution of the parasitics on the topology of the clock distribution network. Earlier studies have detected this problem [6], [8]- [11] and proposed that a single ring will oscillate in the direction with less capacitive loading [6]. Thus, a single ring can be used for multiphase clock signal generation in which the distributed loading capacitance needs to be balanced deliberately to obtain a predetermined rotation direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROA-Brick Topology for Low-Skew Rotary Resonant Clock Network Design

Teng

Taşkın

2015

IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst.

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This paper presents a topology-based solution for a low-skew rotary oscillator array (ROA) clock distribution network design. An ROA-brick structure is proposed that limits the traveling wave oscillation to only two uniform ring rotation directions in the ROA-brick: all the rings in clockwise (CW) direction or all the rings in counter CW direction. An ROA built from the ROA-bricks has the following advantages: 1) similar to the ROA-brick, only two uniform ring rotation directions are feasible in the ROA; 2) the same phase tapping points of all the rings in the ROA are identifiable; and 3) these same phase tapping points of the ROA are independent from the two possible rotation directions. It is mathematically proved that the ROA-brick is the only ROA structure, which can limit the ring rotation direction combinations so as to guarantee the generation of same phase clock signals. The proposed brick-based ROA clock generation and distribution networks are designed for ISPD 10 clock benchmarks demonstrating the gigahertz operation with the low-skew clock generation and distributions through HSPICE.Index Terms-Clock distribution network design, resonant clock, synthesis.

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Phase-Noise Analysis in Rotary Traveling-Wave Oscillators Using Simple Physical Model

Cited by 50 publications

References 22 publications

Survey of integrated‐circuit‐oscillator phase‐noise analysis

Survey of integrated‐circuit‐oscillator phase‐noise analysis

High-performance, low-power resonant clocking

ROA-Brick Topology for Low-Skew Rotary Resonant Clock Network Design

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