Phenolic contents, antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentials of crude extract, subsequent fractions and crude saponins from Polygonum hydropiper L

Abstract

BackgroundWe investigated Polygonum hydropiper L. (P. hydropiper) for phenolic contents, antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities, in an attempt to rationalize its use in neurological disorders.MethodsPlant crude extract (Ph.Cr), its subsequent fractions: n-hexane (Ph.Hex), chloroform (Ph.Chf), ethyl acetate (Ph.EtAc), n-Butanol (Ph.Bt), aqueous (Ph.Aq) and saponins (Ph.Sp) were evaluated for 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging potential. Further, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) & butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were performed using Ellman's assay. Moreover, total phenolic contents of plant extracts were determined and expressed in mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry sample (mg GAE/g dry weight).ResultsAmong different fractions, Ph.Cr (90.82), Ph.Chf (178.16), Ph.EtAc (203.44) and Ph.Bt (153.61) exhibited high phenolic contents. All fractions showed concentration dependent DPPH scavenging activity, with Ph.EtAc 71.33% (IC50 15 μg/ml), Ph.Bt 71.40% (IC50 3 μg/ml) and Ph.Sp 71.40% (IC50 35 μg/ml) were most potent. The plant extracts exhibited high ABTS scavenging ability i.e. Ph.Bt (91.03%), Ph.EtAc (90.56%), Ph.Sp (90.84%), Ph.Aq (90.56%) with IC50 < 0.01 μg/ml. All fractions showed moderate to high AChE inhibitory activity as; Ph.Cr, 86.87% (IC50 330 μg/ml), Ph.Hex, 87.49% (IC50 35 μg/ml), Ph.Chf, 84.76% (IC50 55 μg/ml), Ph.Sp, 87.58% (IC50 108 μg/ml) and Ph.EtAc 79.95% (IC50 310 μg/ml) at 1 mg/ml). Furthermore the BChE inhibitory activity was most prominent in Ph.Hex 90.30% (IC50 40 μg/ml), Ph.Chf 85.94% (IC50 215 μg/ml), Ph.Aq 87.62% (IC50 3 μg/ml) and Ph.EtAc 81.01% (IC50 395 μg/ml) fractions.ConclusionsIn this study, for the first time, we determined phenolic contents, isolated crude saponins, investigated antioxidant and anticholinestrase potential of P. hydropiper extracts. The results indicate that P. hydropiper is enriched with potent bioactive compounds and warrant further investigation by isolation and structural elucidation to find novel and affordable compounds for the treatment of various neurological disorders.

Compact callus cultures and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae) under in vivo and in vitro culture conditions

“…Saponins are one of the major groups of secondary metabolites present in H. dulcis. Among several antioxidant properties (Sparg et al, 2004;Ayaz et al, 2014) and therefore, might be responsible for the observed results. The highest antioxidant activity of callus in comparison to other plant materials is in accordance to what was observed in Sylibum marianum (Abbasi et al, 2010).…”

Chemical profiling, antimicrobial and insecticidal evaluations of Polygonum hydropiper L

“…Plant decoctions are used to treat an extensive range of ailments like dyspepsia, diarrhea, menorrhagia, hemorrhoids and skin itching [16]. Recently, P. hydropiper has been reported for anticholinesterase, antioxidant, phytotoxic, anthelmintic and anti-cancer potentials [17–20]. The current study was aimed to uncover the antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal potentials of P. hydropiper extracts and sponins.…”

Phenolic, flavonoid contents, anticholinesterase and antioxidant evaluation of Iris germanica var; florentina

“…Development of novel-and mechanism-based cholinesterase inhibitors is amongst the most valuable approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, due to their role in the breakdown of neurotransmitter ACh (Ayaz et al 2014). Neurodegenerative disorders such as AD are characterised by reduced cholinergic activity in brain (Nunes-Tavares et al 2012 The enzymes AchE and BchE cause hydrolysis of ACh; therefore, inhibition of these enzymes plays a key role in enhancing cholinergic activity.…”