Phenolic, flavonoid contents, anticholinesterase and antioxidant evaluation of Iris germanica var ; florentina

BMC Complement Altern Med

Junaid

Ullah

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens is of great concern to the global health community. Our ability to effectively treat diseases is based on the discovery of potent drugs for the treatment of these challenging diseases. Traditional medicines are one of the major sources for the discovery of safe, effective and economical drug candidates. In order to validate its antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal potentials with respect to traditional uses, we have screened for the first time Polygonum hydropiper against pathogenic bacterial, fungal strains and a variety of insects.Methods Polygonum hydropiper samples including crude extract (Ph.Cr), subsequent fractions; n-hexane (Ph.Hex), chloroform (Ph.Chf), ethyl acetate (Ph.EtAc), n-Butanol (Ph.Bt), aqueous (Ph.Aq) and crude saponins (Ph.Sp) were tested against pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Insecticidal activities were performed against Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica and Monomorium pharaonis. Ph.Cr was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for preliminary identification of chemical constituents.ResultsIn disc diffusion assay, Ph.Chf, Ph.Hex, Ph.EtAc and Ph.Sp exhibited highest activity against Enterococcus faecalis. MICs of Ph.Chf against Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, P. mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 32.00, 13.33, 10.66, 5.33, 64.00, 8.66 and 10.66 μg/ml respectively. MFC’s of Ph.Chf against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum were 16.66, 23.33, 125.00 and 46.66 μg/ml respectively. Ph.EtAc, Ph.Sp, Ph.Chf and Ph.Bt were most active fractions against T. castaneum and R. dominica. Ph.Sp being most active against A. punctatum exhibited LC50 of < 0.01 mg/ml. In GC-MS analysis of Ph.Cr, 124 compounds were identified among which several bioactive antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal compounds were found.Conclusions P. hydropiper samples exhibited broad spectrum of activity against bacterial and fungal strains. Our results support previously reported insecticidal properties of saponins and may provide scientific justification for the ethno-medicinal uses of the plant.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1491-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical profiling, antimicrobial and insecticidal evaluations of Polygonum hydropiper L

BMC Complement Altern Med

Junaid

Ullah

et al. 2016

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“…[70][71][72] Nonetheless, these secondary metabolites have also been reported to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant and other beneficial effects. [36,[73][74][75][76] Moreover, the florescence analysis of the samples of R. hastatus revealed various colors under different wavelengths. The fluorescence analysis is a significant system of identification of powdered drugs with their particular references.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nutritional and medicinal aspects of Rumex hastatus D. Don along with in vitro anti-diabetic activity

Ahmad

Ullah

International Journal of Food Properties

et al. 2019

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Rumex hastatus being used for medicinal and nutritional purposes as a functional food in various countries is hereby evaluated by the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, proximate analysis, physicochemical (fluorescence) analysis, quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites and sensory evaluations studies. Various samples of R. hastatus were also evaluated for in vitro anti-diabetic potential. The investigational study demonstrated that R. hastatus is a rich source of carbohydrate, i.e., 432.4 mg/g. Moisture content, protein, fiber, ash content and fats were recorded as 22.8%, 133.9 mg/g, 124.4 mg/g, 54.5 mg/g and 25.6 mg/g, respectively. In the same way, the secondary metabolite displayed a relatively greater amount of flavonoids (84.5 mg/g) followed by saponins (65.5 mg/g) and alkaloids (49.5 mg/g). Similarly, the GC (FID-MS) analysis of R. hastatus revealed the detection of 120 compounds. Out of those identified compounds, selected anti-diabetic compounds were sorted out, viz butyl phthalate, phytol, ethylthreonine, dihydrobenzofuran, indoline, guanidine, nerolidol, myristic acid, palmitic acid, caryophyllene, anozol. In physicochemical fluorescence analysis and the sensory evaluation, data were also recorded along with the anti-diabetic with IC 50 value of 42.09 µg/ml. The overall investigational analysis of R. hastatus obviously demonstrated that this plant was a rich source of primary and secondary metabolites. It may be concluded from the GC (FID-MS) analysis that R. hastatus is a potential source of anti-diabetic constituents, which may confer hypoglycemic potential. Based on the recorded data it may also be inferred that R. hastatus is among safe and nutritious herbs, which can be used in lieu of green vegetables and functional food with anti-diabetic potential. ARTICLE HISTORYdifference is that each plant species differs in the amount and concentration of these substances. The plants rich in primary metabolites are usually used for nutritional purposes, while secondary metabolites are preferred for medicinal purposes. [6,11,12] The plants may possess fats, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in such quantity that are considered sufficient for our daily requirements. One can use specific species of plant as food that possess required amount of primary metabolites and low amount of secondary metabolites. But the plants that possess high amount of secondary metabolites than the primary metabolites can cause serious health complications. [13,14] So this is necessary to figure out the amount of nutritional and medicinal elements in those plants, which are being used as food by people.The nutritional values of various plants have been reported by different investigators. [15,16] Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by increase in blood glucose level. It can affect individuals at any stage of life but the frequency of diabetes is considerably high among the obese and aged people. [17] Various therapeutic measures are employed to alleviate the symptoms of this disease. One of t...

“…Free radicals which are produced during oxidation process are neutralized to non-radical forms by enzymes including CAT and hydroperoxidase. However, when free radicals generation is abnormally high or the immune system is depleted, then administration of free radicals scavengers from outside is necessary (Halliwell, 1994; Ullah et al, 2016). Furthermore, in AD patients and aging brain, mitochondrial dysfuntion lead to excessive production of oxidizing free radicals which lead to oxidative stress with subsequent oxidative damage and pathological abnormalities.…”

Section: Role In Alzheimer Disease and Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective and Anti-Aging Potentials of Essential Oils from Aromatic and Medicinal Plants

Sadiq

Junaid

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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213

133

The use of essential oils (EOs) and their components is known since long in traditional medicine and aromatherapy for the management of various diseases, and is further increased in the recent times. The neuroprotective and anti-aging potentials of EOs and their possible mechanism of actions were evaluated by numerous researchers around the globe. Several clinically important EOs and their components from Nigella sativa, Acorus gramineus, Lavandula angustifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus officinalis, Jasminum sambac, Piper nigrum and so many other plants are reported for neuroprotective effects. This review article was aimed to summarize the current finding on EOs tested against neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia. The effects of EOs on pathological targets of AD and dementia including amyloid deposition (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), cholinergic hypofunction, oxidative stress and glutamatergic abnormalities were focused. Furthermore, effects of EOs on other neurological disorders including anxiety, depression, cognitive hypofunction epilepsy and convulsions were also evaluated in detail. In conclusion, EOs were effective on several pathological targets and have improved cognitive performance in animal models and human subjects. Thus, EOs can be developed as multi-potent agents against neurological disorders with better efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness.