Photochemical alkene formation in seawater from dissolved organic carbon: Results from laboratory experiments

Ratte, Monika; Bujok, O.; Spitzy, Alejandro; Rudolph, J.

doi:10.1029/97jd03473

Cited by 80 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Diurnal trends in the acetaldehyde and alkene concentrations (ethene is plotted in Fig. 9 as an example) are observed for almost the entire measurement period but are particularly evident in air with an 8 day back trajectory over the Atlantic Ocean, in-line with suggestions of oceanic sources for these species (Ratte et al, 1998;Riemer et al, 2000;Zhou and Mopper, 1993). Similar diurnal behaviour has been observed in alkene measurements made at Mace Head on the west coast of Ireland (Lewis et al, 1999) and in the Indian Ocean (Bonsang et al, 2008) but very little literature is available of measurements of acetaldehyde in the marine boundary layer environment.…”

Section: Measurements At Cvaomentioning

confidence: 70%

Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe): the tropical North Atlantic experiments

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The NERC UK SOLAS-funded Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) programme comprised three field experiments. This manuscript presentsCorrespondence to: G. McFiggans (g.mcfiggans@manchester.ac.uk) an overview of the measurements made within the two simultaneous remote experiments conducted in the tropical North Atlantic in May and June 2007. Measurements were made from two mobile and one ground-based platforms. The heavily instrumented cruise D319 on the RRS Discovery from Lisbon, Portugal to São Vicente, Cape Verde and back to Falmouth, UK was used to characterise the spatial distribution Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. of boundary layer components likely to play a role in reactive halogen chemistry. Measurements onboard the ARSF Dornier aircraft were used to allow the observations to be interpreted in the context of their vertical distribution and to confirm the interpretation of atmospheric structure in the vicinity of the Cape Verde islands. Long-term ground-based measurements at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) on São Vicente were supplemented by long-term measurements of reactive halogen species and characterisation of additional trace gas and aerosol species during the intensive experimental period.This paper presents a summary of the measurements made within the RHaMBLe remote experiments and discusses them in their meteorological and chemical context as determined from these three platforms and from additional meteorological analyses. Air always arrived at the CVAO from the North East with a range of air mass origins (European, Atlantic and North American continental). Trace gases were present at stable and fairly low concentrations with the exception of a slight increase in some anthropogenic components in air of North American origin, though NO x mixing ratios during this period remained below 20 pptv (note the non-IUPAC adoption in this manuscript of pptv and ppbv, equivalent to pmol mol −1 and nmol mol −1 to reflect common practice). Consistency with these air mass classifications is observed in the time series of soluble gas and aerosol composition measurements, with additional identification of periods of slightly elevated dust concentrations consistent with the trajectories passing over the African continent. The CVAO is shown to be broadly representative of the wider North Atlantic marine boundary layer; measurements of NO, O 3 and black carbon from the ship are consistent with a clean Northern Hemisphere marine background. Aerosol composition measurements do not indicate elevated organic material associated with clean marine air. Closer to the African coast, black carbon and NO levels start to increase, indicating greater anthropogenic influence. Lower ozone in this region is possibly associated with the increased levels of measured halocarbons, associated with the nutrient rich waters of the Mauritanian upwelling. Bromide and chloride deficits in coarse mode aerosol at both the CVAO and on D319 and th...

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Section: Measurements At Cvaomentioning

confidence: 70%

Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe): the tropical North Atlantic experiments

et al. 2010

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“…Studies into hydrocarbon emissions from marine sources have demonstrated that both propene and ethene are present in natural seawater at concentrations equal to or higher than isoprene (Riemer et al 2000), but that they are produced by abiotic photochemistry acting on dissolved organic carbon (Ratte et al 1998;Riemer et al 2000). Although some macroalgal production has been shown (Broadgate et al 2004;Plettner et al 2005), phytoplankton studies have demonstrated a lack of biogenic production (Mckay et al 1996;Shaw et al 2003).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dashed vertical line illustrates the start of baseline production in the sample run. Data shown at a resolution of 20 s. (Ratte et al 1998). As UV wavelengths are excluded from experiments when using borosilicate glass sample vessels, the photochemical production of alkenes can be easily eliminated.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Fast Isoprene Sensor (FIS) for measuring isoprene production from marine samples

Exton

Smith

McGenity

et al. 2010

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Research into isoprene production from marine sources traditionally relies on gas chromatography techniques which are labor intensive, provide a slow sample turnover, and require significant method training. An alternative method is the use of a Fast Isoprene Sensor (FIS), a chemiluminescence-based approach that provides real time isoprene analysis, but is relatively simple to run and also portable. Until now, the FIS has been used in terrestrial but not aquatic isoprene studies. Due to the added difficulties with marine compared with terrestrial sampling, particularly potential interference from dimethyl sulfide (DMS), we have developed a new protocol that allows accurate and reliable data to be obtained from FIS analysis. The detection limit of our modified system to standard gas was 0.02 nM (0.5 ppbv), while minimum isoprene production detected by the FIS was 0.59 nmol h -1 (for Thalassiosira weissflogii). We also compared our FIS-based approach with GC analysis of isoprene emission from marine samples of micro-and macro-algae, and demonstrated a strong similarity (r 2 = 0.910, slope = 1.003). The ability to use FIS analysis with marine samples will significantly broaden the scope of isoprene research in marine environments, permitting remote field work, and allow previously unanswered questions to be addressed.

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“…Isoprene is produced by both phytoplankton (Broadgate et al, 1997;Ratte et al, 1998;Shaw et al, 2003) and seaweed (Broadgate et al, 2004) in the marine environment. A total global oceanic emission of 0.1-1.2 Tg C/yr has been estimated from in-situ observations (Bonsang et al, 1992;Milne et al, 1995;Broadgate et al, 1997) and satellite observations of ocean biological productivity (Palmer and Shaw, 2005), which is small compared with an estimated global terrestrial isoprene source of ∼400-750 Tg C/yr (Müller et al, 2008;Guenther et al, 2006).…”

Section: Emission Of Isoprene From the Oceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the global oceanic isoprene source and its impacts on marine organic carbon aerosol

et al. 2009

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Abstract. We have combined the first satellite maps of the global distribution of phytoplankton functional type and new measurements of phytoplankton-specific isoprene productivities, with available remote marine isoprene observations and a global model, to evaluate our understanding of the marine isoprene source and its impacts on organic aerosol abundances. Using satellite products to scale up data on phytoplankton-specific isoprene productivity to the global oceans, we infer a mean "bottom-up" oceanic isoprene emission of 0.31±0.08 (1σ )Tg/yr. By minimising the mean bias between the model and isoprene observations in the marine atmosphere remote from the continents, we produce a "topdown" oceanic isoprene source estimate of 1.9 Tg/yr. We suggest our reliance on limited atmospheric isoprene data, difficulties in simulating in-situ isoprene production rates in laboratory phytoplankton cultures, and limited knowledge of isoprene production mechanisms across the broad range of phytoplankton communities in the oceans under different environmental conditions as contributors to this difference between the two estimates. Inclusion of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production from oceanic isoprene in the model with a 2% yield produces small contributions (0.01-1.4%) to observed organic carbon (OC) aerosol mass at three remote marine sites in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Based on these findings we suggest an insignificant role for isoprene in modulating remote marine aerosol abundances, giving further support to a recently postulated primary OC source in the remote marine atmosphere.

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Photochemical alkene formation in seawater from dissolved organic carbon: Results from laboratory experiments

Cited by 80 publications

References 36 publications

Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe): the tropical North Atlantic experiments

Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe): the tropical North Atlantic experiments

Application of a Fast Isoprene Sensor (FIS) for measuring isoprene production from marine samples

Evaluation of the global oceanic isoprene source and its impacts on marine organic carbon aerosol

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