Photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing for the development of 3D porous scaffolds

Husár, Branislav; Hatzenbichler, Markus; Mironov, Vladimir; Liska, Robert; Stampfl, Jürgen; Ovsianikov, Aleksandr

doi:10.1533/9780857098104.2.149

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…PEGs are considered a safe choice to prepare hydrogel sealant for patients undergoing surgery [20] and are also used in the manufacturing of 3D porous scaffolds [21]. Optimisation of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms produced by FDM 3D printing requires a suitable and compatible polymer backbone for the feed filament.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed oral theophylline doses with innovative ‘radiator-like’ design: Impact of polyethylene oxide (PEO) molecular weight

Isreb

Baj

Wojsz

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

139

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Despite the abundant use of polyethylene oxides (PEOs) and their integration as an excipient in numerous pharmaceutical products, there have been no previous reports of applying this important thermoplastic polymer species alone to fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. In this work, we have investigated the manufacture of oral doses via FDM 3D printing by employing PEOs as a backbone polymer in combination with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Blends of PEO (molecular weight 100K, 200K, 300K, 600K or 900K) with PEG 6K (plasticiser) and a model drug (theophylline) were hot-melt extruded. The resultant filaments were used as a feed for FDM 3D printer to fabricate oral dosage forms (ODFs) with innovative designs. ODFs were designed in a radiator-like geometry with connected paralleled plates and inter-plate spacing of either 0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2 mm. X-ray diffraction patterns of the filaments revealed the presence of two distinctive peaks at 2θ = 7° and 12°, which can be correlated to the diffraction pattern of theophylline crystals. Varying blends of PEO and PEG allowed the formation of mechanically resistant filaments (maximum load at break of 357, 608, 649, 882, 781 N for filament produced with PEO 100K, 200K, 300K, 600K or 900K, respectively). Filaments of PEO at a molecular weight of 200-600K were compatible with FDM 3D printing process. Further increase in PEO molecular weight resulted in elevated shear viscosity (>10 4 Pa.S) at the printing temperature and hindered material flow during FDM 3D printing process. A minimal spacing (1 mm) between parallel plates of the radiator-like design deemed essential to boost drug release from the structure. This is the first report of utilising this widely used biodegradable polymer species (PEOs and PEG) in FDM 3D printing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed oral theophylline doses with innovative ‘radiator-like’ design: Impact of polyethylene oxide (PEO) molecular weight

Isreb

Baj

Wojsz

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

139

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“…For example, acrylates, which are used in all lithographic AM methods (SLA, Polyjet), are cytotoxic but can be replaced by less reactive methacrylates, thiol–ene systems, and other photoreactive monomers. 52 , 53 PLA, which is one of the most commonly used materials for FDM, is also FDA approved for human implantation but has poor mechanical properties. 54 Moreover, FDM is a melt extrusion process and does not allow incorporation of living cells or growth factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing

Ligon

Liska²,

Stampfl³

et al. 2017

Chem. Rev.

2,834

2,191

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Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD) virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography data, AM builds objects layer by layer without the need for molds or machining. AM enables decentralized fabrication of customized objects on demand by exploiting digital information storage and retrieval via the Internet. The ongoing transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing prompts new challenges for mechanical engineers and materials scientists alike. Because polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM, this Review focuses on polymer processing and the development of polymers and advanced polymer systems specifically for AM. AM techniques covered include vat photopolymerization (stereolithography), powder bed fusion (SLS), material and binder jetting (inkjet and aerosol 3D printing), sheet lamination (LOM), extrusion (FDM, 3D dispensing, 3D fiber deposition, and 3D plotting), and 3D bioprinting. The range of polymers used in AM encompasses thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, hydrogels, functional polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biological systems. Aspects of polymer design, additives, and processing parameters as they relate to enhancing build speed and improving accuracy, functionality, surface finish, stability, mechanical properties, and porosity are addressed. Selected applications demonstrate how polymer-based AM is being exploited in lightweight engineering, architecture, food processing, optics, energy technology, dentistry, drug delivery, and personalized medicine. Unparalleled by metals and ceramics, polymer-based AM plays a key role in the emerging AM of advanced multifunctional and multimaterial systems including living biological systems as well as life-like synthetic systems.

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“…With the adoption of two-photon polymerization (2PP), SLA can achieve 100 nm resolution [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. This resolution can be obtained by absorbing two photons at the same time and point.…”

Section: Printing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Cell Printing of Tissue/Organ-Mimicking Constructs for Therapeutic and Drug Testing Applications

Kim

Kong

Han

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The development of artificial tissue/organs with the functional maturity of their native equivalents is one of the long-awaited panaceas for the medical and pharmaceutical industries. Advanced 3D cell-printing technology and various functional bioinks are promising technologies in the field of tissue engineering that have enabled the fabrication of complex 3D living tissue/organs. Various requirements for these tissues, including a complex and large-volume structure, tissue-specific microenvironments, and functional vasculatures, have been addressed to develop engineered tissue/organs with native relevance. Functional tissue/organ constructs have been developed that satisfy such criteria and may facilitate both in vivo replenishment of damaged tissue and the development of reliable in vitro testing platforms for drug development. This review describes key developments in technologies and materials for engineering 3D cell-printed constructs for therapeutic and drug testing applications.

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Photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing for the development of 3D porous scaffolds

Cited by 26 publications

References 160 publications

3D printed oral theophylline doses with innovative ‘radiator-like’ design: Impact of polyethylene oxide (PEO) molecular weight

3D printed oral theophylline doses with innovative ‘radiator-like’ design: Impact of polyethylene oxide (PEO) molecular weight

Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing

3D Cell Printing of Tissue/Organ-Mimicking Constructs for Therapeutic and Drug Testing Applications

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