Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of canine distemper virus strains detected from giant panda and raccoon dogs in China

Abstract

BackgroundCanine distemper virus (CDV) infects a variety of carnivores, including wild and domestic Canidae. In this study, we sequenced and phylogenetic analyses of the hemagglutinin (H) genes from eight canine distemper virus (CDV) isolates obtained from seven raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis of the partial hemagglutinin gene sequences showed close clustering for geographic lineages, clearly distinct from vaccine strains and other wild-type foreign CDV strains, all the CDV strains were characterized as Asia-1 genotype and were highly similar to each other (91.5-99.8% nt and 94.4-99.8% aa). The giant panda and raccoon dogs all were 549Y on the HA protein in this study, irrespective of the host species.ConclusionsThese findings enhance our knowledge of the genetic characteristics of Chinese CDV isolates, and may facilitate the development of effective strategies for monitoring and controlling CDV for wild canids and non-cainds in China.

Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Canine distemper virus from India

“…H gene of a new CDV isolate TM-CC showed low identity (90.4 % nt and 88.9 % aa) with the H gene of the classical Onderstepoort vaccine strain and this could be one of the reason for host's inability to mount a protective immune response against CDV [14]. The observed diversity between the vaccine strains and the wild-type CDVs may be due to antigenic escape, genetic recombination between wild-type strains, adaptation to new host species that drive the evolution of the virus [8]. Wild-type Indian CDV is phylogenetically distinct from other known Asian types (Asia-1 and Asia-2) and vaccine types but more similar to viruses from Switzerland, Hungary and Germany.…”

“…Other members in the Morbillivirus genus include measles virus, phocine distemper virus, peste-des-petit-ruminants virus and rinderpest virus [7]. CDV infects a broad range of animals such as Canidae (domestic dogs, foxes, wolves), Mustelidae (ferrets, minks, skunks, weasels, badgers), Procyonidae (raccoons), Ursidae (bears and pandas), Viverridae (civets, genets, and linsangs), Hyaenidae (hyenas) and Felidae (lions and tigers) [8]. It causes generalized infection with prominent respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous signs [21].…”

Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus among domestic dogs in Vietnam

“…Although CD has been recognized since the 1950s and vaccines against CDV have been available for controlling the virus, CDV remains a threat to many species of animals. CD outbreaks in both domestic and wild animals have been reported in many countries [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 22 , 25 , 26 ]. CDVs have been categorized into many genotypes based on the H protein, and the genotypes were consistent with the geographic distribution of the viruses [ 17 , 18 ].…”

“…The H gene is one of the most variable genes in CDV and has been used to investigate the genetic relationships among the various strains [ 10 ]. At least 14 different genotypes of CDV have been reported, including Asia-1, Asia-2, Asia-3, Asia-4, Europe, European wildlife, Arctic-like, Rockborn-like, America-1, America-2, Africa, South America-1, South America-2 and South America-3 [ 9 , 11 , 22 , 25 , 26 ]. Although there has been one report of the isolation of the genotype America-1 from Vietnamese dogs in Ha Noi, Vietnam [ 14 ], information on CDVs in Vietnam is very scarce.…”

Isolation and sequence analysis of a canine distemper virus from a raccoon dog in Jilin Province, China

“…Indeed, we found nine potential sites (N-X-S/T), at positions 19 NSS, 149 NFT, 309 NGS, 391 NQT, 422 NIS, 456 NGT, 584 NIT, 587 NST, and 603 NRS, in the H protein of the SY strain. All nine sites were conserved among most of the Asia-1 CDV strains [11,17]. Likewise, we analyzed potential N-linked glycosylation sites of the fusion (F) protein and found six sites (N-X-S/T), at c Fig.…”