Physical Modeling Study on the Mixing in the New IronArc Process

Bölke, Kristofer; Ersson, Mikael; Ni, Peiyuan; Swartling, Maria; Jönsson, Pär G.

doi:10.1002/srin.201700555

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[13] The mixing behavior of fluids in smelting reduction technology has been studied. Bo¨lke et al [14] used physical simulation to study the mixing behavior and gas penetration depth in an IronArc reactor. The results show that when the mixing uniformity reaches 95 and 99 pct, the average mixing times are 7.6 and 10.2 seconds, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixing Behavior in a Side-Blown Vortex Smelting Reduction Reactor

Zhu

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans B

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The side-blown vortex smelting reduction reactor proposed in this paper is a new type of metal extraction equipment. The study of fluid dynamics is significant for improving reactor performance. Physical simulation is used to analyze the effects of the angle and number of blown lances, nozzle diameter, gas flow rate, and measuring depths on the reactor's transfer and mixing characteristics. Dimensional analysis is used to correlate dimensionless numbers (Reynolds number Re, modified Froude number Fr¢, capillary number Ca, number of blown lances n, and horizontal angle of the blown lance a) with mixing time and multiphase flow behavior. The results show that when the nozzle diameter and the number of blown lances are constant, Fr¢, Ca and a are negatively correlated with the mixing time, and Re is positively correlated with the mixing time. When the angle of the blown lance is constant, Re and Ca are negatively correlated with mixing time, and Fr¢ is positively correlated with mixing time. With the increase of Re, Fr¢, Ca, the mixing behavior will gradually change from the bubbling regime to the transition regime and then to the steady jetting regime.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixing Behavior in a Side-Blown Vortex Smelting Reduction Reactor

Zhu

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…A side-blowing water model scaled from a newly developed pilot plant reactor was developed by Bölke et al [16] to conduct experiments that investigate both the mixing time and the penetration length. The work carried out conductivity measurement to determine the mixing time behavior for different gas flow rates as well as adding more nozzles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclination Effect on Mixing Time in a Gas–Stirred Side–Blown Converter

Chanouian

Ahlin

Tilliander

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Small‐scale physical models are commonly used to investigate gas‐stirred processes in steelmaking practice. The argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) converter is among various processes widely used in the metallurgy field and utilizes side blowing of oxygen and inert gas for mixing in the bath. Herein, the effect of the converter inclination on mixing time and jet‐penetration length with a side‐blown physical model is investigated. Scaling with the modified Froude number is applied on data from a real industrial AOD converter to achieve a system with reasonable gas flow rates. During the experiments, water is used to simulate liquid steel and air is blown through side‐mounted nozzles for stirring. A NaCl tracer is added and subsequent conductivity measurements are used to measure mixing time. Overall, the penetration length is shown to be independent of inclination angle. The mixing time is found to be influenced by the change of bath height to diameter ratio, change of geometry in the bath volume, gas flow rate, and the intensified wave motion at the interface caused by the inclination of the vessel. The mixing time increase with 14% when 14° angle is applied.

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“…Experiments in an air–water system as a scale replica of the IronArc reactor by Bölke et al suggests that the empirical equation by Brimacombe and Oryall significantly underpredicts the penetration length for the IronArc reactor. However, those simulations were done with low modified Froude numbers from 2–90, which may be below the threshold for a jetting behavior [ 24 ]. At such conditions, the pulsing behavior of the jet would make accurate measurements of the actual penetration length impossible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Froude Number on Submerged Gas Blowing Characteristics

2021

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The flow behavior of gas in compressible and incompressible systems was investigated at an ambient temperature in an air–water system and at an operating process temperature in the IronArc system, using computational fluid dynamics. The simulation results were verified by experiments in the air–water system and established empirical equations to enable reliable predictions of the penetration length. The simulations in the air–water system were found to replicate the experimental behavior using both the incompressible and compressible models, with only small deviations of 7–8%. A lower requirement for the modified Froude number of the gas blowing to produce a jetting behavior was also found. For gas blowing below the required modified Froude number, the results illustrate that the gas will form large pulsating bubbles instead of a steady jet, which causes the empirical equation calculations to severely underpredict the penetration length. The lower modified Froude number limit was also found to be system dependent and to have an approximate value of 300 for the studied IronArc system. For submerged blowing applications, it was found that it is important to ensure sufficiently high modified Froude numbers of the gas blowing. Then, the gas penetration length will remain stable as a jet and it will be possible to predict the values using empirical equations.

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Physical Modeling Study on the Mixing in the New IronArc Process

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Mixing Behavior in a Side-Blown Vortex Smelting Reduction Reactor

Mixing Behavior in a Side-Blown Vortex Smelting Reduction Reactor

Inclination Effect on Mixing Time in a Gas–Stirred Side–Blown Converter

Effect of Froude Number on Submerged Gas Blowing Characteristics

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