Physicochemical Characteristics of Fertilizer Industry Effluent and its Toxicological Impact on the Activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Freshwater Teleosts Heteropneustes fossilis and Labeo rohita

Abstract

Industrial revolution is a good indicator of economic development of a country; however, it can be a threat to the flora and fauna if the untreated effluent of an industry is discharged. The present study is aimed to assess the comparative toxicological impacts of treated and untreated industrial effluents on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in Heteropneustes fossilis and Labeo rohita, the most common edible fishes having diverse characters which include differences in morphology, habitat, food and feeding, etc. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate, sulphate, nitrate, free ammonia, chloride, zinc, iron, chromium and potassium of both untreated and treated effluent from the fertilizer industry were also analyzed as these parameters were not in range as per ISO guidelines. The LC50 value for untreated effluent was 2.34% (v/v) and 0.80% (v/v) for 96 h in H. fossilis and L. rohita, respectively, while no mortality was recorded in the treated effluent. The AChE activity in both fish species was found to decline in metabolically responsive organs like brain, muscle and gills through exposure to sub-lethal concentrations (1/15th, 1/10th and 1/5th of LC50 value) of the untreated effluent for 96 h. Further studies on biochemical and molecular aspects may reveal the mechanism of their action.

Recent research progress of electrocatalytic reduction technology for nitrate wastewater: A review

“…(5) To our best knowledge, there are no well-documented articles on a unified approach to the setup of electrolytic cells, including single-chamber cells and dual-chamber cells (typically separated by a cation membrane between the cathode and anode chambers), and the number and arrangement of electrode plates are also quite different, whether foam electrodes or plate electrodes will be used in continuous flow reactors to achieve a better flow pattern is a matter that needs to be further studied. (6) Regarding commercial applications, research on the stability of electrodes is critical, and current research on the stability of electrodes is still relatively scarce. Most researchers will concentrate on the innovation and efficiency of electrodes while overlooking their stability.…”

“…The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) have declared that the maximum contaminant levels (MCL) of nitrate in drinking water should be less than 10.0 mg N/L [3,4]. However, some water effluents have nitrate concentrations that far exceed the standard, reaching tens or even hundreds of mg/L [5,6]. Nitrate is a type of non-ligand oxygen anion with high mobility and solubility in water [7].…”

Physico-chemical analysis of selected industrial effluents and its treatment using novel biocarbon

“…Hardness is a measure of capacity of water to precipitate soap, contributed by presence of calcium, magnesium and presence of minerals [27]. In the industrial process and its operation, hard water should not be used.…”

Application of fenitrothion on Heteropneustes fossilis causes alteration in morphology of erythrocytes via modifying hematological parameters

“…Stinging catfish ( H. fossilis ), native to South Asian countries [40] , has been proving its benefits in aquaculture production [27] . The simple breeding and shelter methods [41] , nutritional and medicinal values [40] , [42] , and higher consumer preference [42] , [43] of this catfish have resulted in its widespread adoption by farmers. However, most aquaculture ponds that are close to and/or influenced by agricultural lands are subjected to pesticide pollution in Bangladesh [18] .…”