Physicochemical characterization of bunches from American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera H.B.K. Cortes) and their hybrids with African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis comparativo de las características físicas y químicas de racimos de genotipos de Elaeis oleifera y de sus híbridos interespecíficos OxG con Elaeis guineensis, determinando los componentes y el potencial del aceite del racimo, y la calidad de los aceites, analizando el contenido de ácidos grasos, vitamina E y carotenos. En el estudio se utilizaron racimos provenientes de inflorescencias sin polinización asistida con la presencia perimetral de E. guineensis. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con tres unidades experimentales, cada una conformada por tres racimos. Los mayores cuajados del fruto se encontraron en el genotipo de E. oleifera Sinú (76,53 %) y el híbrido OxG II (72,64 %). Los potenciales de extracción de aceite fueron superiores en los materiales híbridos OxG destacándose el II (20,82 %). Las palmas E. oleifera presentaron mejores perfiles de ácidos grasos, destacándose los materiales del genotipo Sinú (79,1 % de ácidos grasos insaturados) y los del híbrido II (70,2 %). Para el contenido de vitamina E se confirmó la alta calidad del aceite de los materiales de E. oleifera, sobresaliendo el genotipo Coarí (1.006,7 ppm) y el híbrido II (1.549,6 ppm); el material del genotipo Sinú registró el mayor contenido de carotenos totales (1.524,7 ppm).

Current Knowledge on Interspecific Hybrid Palm Oils as Food and Food Ingredient

“…The amounts of carotenoids in crude HPO varies widely (1000-10,000 mg/Kg oil) [14,17,53,54,68]. Eleven different pigments were previously identified in HPO and crude oils of African and American parents: α-, β-, ζand γ-carotene, phytofluene, phytoene, αand β-zeacarotene, neurosporene, lycopene.…”

“…All eight α-(5,7,8-trimethyl-), β-(5,8-dimethyl-), γ-(7,8-dimethyl-), and δ-(8-methyl-) isomers of both tocopherols and tocotrienols have been identified, together with α-tocomonoenol. Tocotrienols are the most represented (γ-tocotrienol 40%-60% of total tocols; α-tocotrienol 15%-30%; δ-tocotrienol 5%-10%), while α-isomer is the most abundant tocopherol [17,30,53,54,68,69].…”

Morphological and molecular characterization of an Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Cortes germplasm collection located in Ucayali, Peru

“…This study described the morphological and genetic characterization of one Peruvian E . oleifera germplasm; these data are a starting point for further steps related to the measurement of photosynthetic activity [ 17 ] and the physicochemical characterization of bunches [ 1 , 11 ] and their relation to the phenotypic groups identified in this study. However, this information should be taken carefully due to the age of the germplasm (four-year-old) and further studies are necessary to complement it, by including new data trait (morphological and yield) corresponding to the next four years in according to other previous studies [ 1 , 20 ]…”

“…The primary goals in the oil processing industry, particularly in the oil palm industry, are to increase the yield per hectare, improve oil quality and identify heterosis for traits such as disease resistance, fruit number, fruit weight, leaf length, and trunk traits [1,2,9]. For these reasons, some countries in South America have developed an OxG interspecific hybrid (E. oleifera x E. guineensis) program to produce individuals that have slow trunk growth and are tolerant to bud rot and red ring diseases using natural resources from their national germplasm collection [1,2,[8][9][10][11].…”

“…oleifera x E . guineensis ) program to produce individuals that have slow trunk growth and are tolerant to bud rot and red ring diseases using natural resources from their national germplasm collection [ 1 , 2 , 8 – 11 ].…”