Physiological and chemical architecture of a lobster ganglion with particular reference to gamma-aminobutyrate and glutamate.

Otsuka, Masanori; Kravitz, Edward A.; Potter, DD

doi:10.1152/jn.1967.30.4.725

Cited by 287 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…Electrical signals were amplified with an Axoprobe 1A amplifier and stored on video tape and on a personal computer after being digitized with a TL-1 DMA interface and processed with the PCLAMP 5.5 software package (all Axon Instruments, Foster City, CA). The cells were physiologically and morphologically identified with criteria defined in earlier publications [A1-and fifth thoracic ganglion-5HT cells (27), octopaminecontaining cells (26), spontaneously active GABA cells (35)]. Nerve roots and connectives were stimulated by placing their cut ends into closely fitting suction electrodes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoinhibition of serotonin cells: An intrinsic regulatory mechanism sensitive to the pattern of usage of the cells

Heinrich

Cromarty²,

Hörner³

et al. 1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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After periods of high-frequency firing, the normal rhythmically active serotonin (5HT)-containing neurosecretory neurons of the lobster ventral nerve cord display a period of suppressed spike generation and reduced synaptic input that we refer to as ''autoinhibition.'' The duration of this autoinhibition is directly related to the magnitude and duration of the current injection triggering the high-frequency firing. More interesting, however, is that the autoinhibition is inversely related to the initial firing frequency of these cells within their normal range of firing (0.5-3 Hz). This allows more active 5HT neurons to resume firing after shorter durations of inhibition than cells that initially fired at slower rates. Although superfused 5HT inhibits the spontaneous firing of these cells, the persistence of autoinhibition in saline with no added calcium, in cadmium-containing saline, and in lobsters depleted of serotonin suggests that intrinsic membrane properties account for the autoinhibition. A similar autoinhibition is seen in spontaneously active octopamine neurons but is absent from spontaneously active ␥-aminobutyric acid cells. Thus, this might be a characteristic feature of amine-containing neurosecretory neurons. The 5HT cells of vertebrate brain nuclei share similarities in firing frequencies, spike shapes, and inhibition by 5HT with the lobster cells that were the focus of this study. However, the mechanism suggested to underlie autoinhibition in vertebrate neurons is that 5HT released from activated or neighboring cells acts back on inhibitory autoreceptors that are found on the dendrites and cell bodies of these neurons.Biogenic amines appear to play key roles in the regulation of a wide array of physiological processes in both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. They have been implicated in physiological processes and behaviors such as feeding (1), sleep (2, 3), repetitive motor acts such as locomotion (1), nociception (4), depression (5), and aggressive behavior, including the establishment of social hierarchies (6-9).In vertebrates, spontaneously active serotonergic neurons of the midline raphe nuclei are implicated in these behaviors, and these neurons have been the subject of many studies (for reviews, see refs. 10-12). These cells fire at slow rates between 0.5 and 3 Hz, depending on the state of wakefulness of the animal (1, 13-15). They generate large, approximately 60-mV, action potentials with prominent afterhyperpolarizations, which are likely to be mediated by calcium-activated potassium currents (10, 16). Both a high density of inhibitory somatodendritic type 1A 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin; 5HT 1A ) autoreceptors and the afterhyperpolarization are suggested to be important mechanisms for regulating the pacemaker activity of these cells (10, 17). Periods of high-frequency firing, experimentally evoked by electrical stimulation, are followed by a ''postactivation inhibition'' during which no action potentials are generated. The duration of the period of suppressed sp...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The action potentials recorded in the somata of these neurons are only 5-15 mV in amplitude, but they, too, fire at steady frequencies between 1.5 and 10 Hz. The I1 cells are electrically coupled to their contralateral partners and send axons through the third ganglionic roots to innervate the superficial flexor muscles (35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoinhibition of serotonin cells: An intrinsic regulatory mechanism sensitive to the pattern of usage of the cells

Heinrich

Cromarty²,

Hörner³

et al. 1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The advantage of being able to work with identifiable neurons was recognized early on by those working on Aplysia and lobster ganglia (Arvanitaki and Chalazonitis 1958;Kandel et al 1967;Otsuka et al 1967) who gave names to individual neurons based on their physiological and anatomical properties. Although the identified neurons always behaved consistently, with small variations attributed to the dissection or the physiological techniques used, little thought was given to how different populations of ion channels were combined to produce the characteristic voltage output of each cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models Wagging the Dog: Are Circuits Constructed with Disparate Parameters?

et al. 2007

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In a recent paper Prinz et al. (Nature Neurosci. 7, 1345-52 (2004) have addressed the fundamental question, whether neural systems are built with a fixed blueprint of tightly controlled parameters or in a way in which properties can vary largely from one individual to another, using a database modeling approach. In this article we examine the main conclusion that neural circuits indeed are built with largely varying parameters in light of our own experimental and modeling observations. We critically discuss the experimental and theoretical evidence including the general adequacy of database approaches for questions of this kind and come to the conclusion that the last word for this fundamental question has not yet been spoken.

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“…Invertebrate NMJs with excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic input or with excitatory cholinergic and inhibitory GABAergic input integrate them in the periphery (Otsuka et al 1967;Laurienti & Blankenship 1999;Devlin 2001). Inhibitory and excitatory GABAergic innervation of different body muscles coordinate the wave of body muscle contractions involved in locomotion in C. elegans (McIntire et al 1993).…”

Section: Implications For Development In the Peripheral Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of activity-dependent neurotransmitter–receptor matching

Spitzer¹,

Borodinsky²

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Electrical activity has numerous roles in early neuronal development. Calcium transients generated at low frequencies regulate neural induction and neuronal proliferation, migration and differentiation. Recent work demonstrates that these signals participate in specification of the transmitters expressed in different classes of neurons. Matching of postsynaptic receptor expression with the novel expression of transmitters ensues. These findings have intriguing implications for development, mature function and evolution of the nervous system.

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Physiological and chemical architecture of a lobster ganglion with particular reference to gamma-aminobutyrate and glutamate.

Cited by 287 publications

References 0 publications

Autoinhibition of serotonin cells: An intrinsic regulatory mechanism sensitive to the pattern of usage of the cells

Autoinhibition of serotonin cells: An intrinsic regulatory mechanism sensitive to the pattern of usage of the cells

Models Wagging the Dog: Are Circuits Constructed with Disparate Parameters?

Implications of activity-dependent neurotransmitter–receptor matching

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