Physiology and Molecular Basis of Stress Adaptation, with Particular Reference to the Subversion of Stress Adaptation, and to the Involvement of Extracellular Components in Adaptation

Morphological changes of temperature- and pH-stressed Salmonella following exposure to cetylpyridinium chloride and nisin

“…which is caused by stresses. Stress due to acidity might damage the outer membrane, and even if bacteria are not killed by damage, it allows other lethal agents (for example, nisin), which are normally unable to penetrate, to pass through to the cytoplasmic membrane and destroy the cell (Rowbury, 2003). Our results demonstrated that cells treated at pH 4.5, which is the lowest pH, and treated with CPC-nisin might increase ruptured of outer membrane and enhance cells sensitivity to CPC-nisin treatment.…”

Heat inactivation of Escherichia coli K12 MG1655: Effect of microbial metabolites and acids in spent medium

“…3) were similar to those of the most known HSPs (Ohtsuka et al, 2007;Rowburry, 2003;Juneja et al, 1998). Specifically the proteins of 100 kDa had similar molecular weight to the CIpA, ClpB, CIpC, CIpX and CIpY proteins of the HSP100 family, which contribute to the induction of thermotolerance (Ohtsuka et al, 2007).…”

“…Specifically, the possible protective effect of extracellular components, i.e., as postulated in Rowburry and Goodson (1999) and Rowburry (2001Rowburry ( ,2003 is studied in more detail. Also, the role of acid (pre-) exposure, i.e., via cross protection, on the bacterial heat tolerance is considered.…”

“…These EICs remain present in the medium in absence of the stress. Since they are extracellular, they act as alarmones inducing tolerance to non-stressed cells or non-stressed regions leading to an intercellular communication, therefore allowing 'cross-talk' between cells, which are in different locations (Rowburry and Goodson, 1999;Rowburry, 2001Rowburry, ,2003.…”

Ecological attributes of foodborne infections

“…This is indicated by the increased level of the sigma factor (σS, encoded by the rpoS gene) following exposure to stresses such as osmotic stress, acid stress, heat stress and starvation. 25,26 A similar sigma factor σB, encoded by the sigB gene is the responsible mediator for the resistance of Gram-positive bacteria e.g., S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and Bacillus spp in many adverse environmental conditions. 27 For Escherichia coli, global stress response is triggered by the alternative sigma factor RpoS and this may result in tolerance to homologous or heterologous (i.e., cross tolerance) stresses.…”