Plants send small RNAs in extracellular vesicles to fungal pathogen to silence virulence genes

Cai, Qiang; Qiao, Lulu; Wang, Ming; He, Baoye; Lin, Feng‐Mao; Palmquist, Jared; Huang, Sienna-Da; Jin, Hailing

doi:10.1126/science.aar4142

Cited by 874 publications

(1,062 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The observations described above are in agreement with the recent description of silencing of virulence‐related genes in fungal cells by plant EVs (Cai et al, ). Plants can export sRNAs that usurp the RNAi machinery of the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea , resulting in attenuation of virulence mechanisms (Weiberg et al, ).…”

Section: Going Back Inside: Uptake Of Evs By Fungal Cellssupporting

confidence: 92%

A two‐way road: novel roles for fungal extracellular vesicles

Rodrigues

Casadevall

2018

Molecular Microbiology

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The biological functions of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes have been mostly determined on the basis of the assumption that they are vehicles of trans-cell wall transport and molecular export. The possibility that fungal cells can bind to and internalize EVs remained largely unaddressed. Recent studies, however, demonstrated that fungal cells can internalize host-derived and/or fungal EVs through processes that profoundly modify their regular physiology. To illustrate this novel view, we discuss (i) the uptake of plant EVs by phytopathogenic fungi culminating in growth defects and virulence attenuation, (ii) the influence of EV internalization in prion transmission and biofilm formation in yeast cells, and (iii) the EV-mediated transfer of virulence in isolates of Cryptococcus gattii. These recent observations indicate that the functions exerted by EVs in fungal cells result from previously unknown mechanisms of bidirectional transport, opening new venues for the investigation of how EVs impact fungal physiology.

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Section: Going Back Inside: Uptake Of Evs By Fungal Cellssupporting

confidence: 92%

A two‐way road: novel roles for fungal extracellular vesicles

Rodrigues

Casadevall

2018

Molecular Microbiology

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“…Evidence suggests that such vesicles can also be taken up by fungi (Jiang et al, 2012;Brown et al, 2015). Recently, Arabidopsis cells have been shown to secrete extracellular vesicles to deliver plant small RNAs into the fungal pathogen B. cinerea, resulting in silencing of fungal genes critical for pathogenicity (Cai et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Process May Be Facilitated By Rbps In Plants Protectingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of small RNAs in and between plants and fungi

Wang

Dean

2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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RNA interference is a biological process whereby small RNAs inhibit gene expression through neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules. This process is conserved in eukaryotes. Here, recent work regarding the mechanisms of how small RNAs move within and between organisms is examined. Small RNAs can move locally and systemically in plants through plasmodesmata and phloem, respectively. In fungi, transportation of small RNAs may also be achieved by septal pores and vesicles. Recent evidence also supports bidirectional cross‐kingdom communication of small RNAs between host plants and adapted fungal pathogens to affect the outcome of infection. We discuss several mechanisms for small RNA trafficking and describe evidence for transport through naked form, combined with RNA‐binding proteins or enclosed by vesicles.

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“…The presence of functional RNAs in extracellular vesicles is a well-known feature in mammals (Conigliaro et al, 2017) and has only recently been discovered in Arabidopsis (Cai et al, 2018a(Cai et al, , 2018b(Cai et al, , 2018a(Cai et al, , 2018bZhao et al, 2018). The findings imply the existence of a functional exosome pathway that delivers sRNAs into the extracellular space and into fungal pathogens for the silencing of fungal genes critical for pathogenicity during Botrytis cinerea infection (Cai et al, 2018b). Moreover, although plant viruses are transported between cells through plasmodesmata, recent evidence indicates that an alternative viral trafficking pathway involving apoplastic vesicles might exist.…”

Section: Extracellular Perception Of Dsrnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of double‐stranded RNA in plant antiviral immunity

Niehl

Heinlein

2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary RNA silencing and antiviral pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) both rely on recognition of double‐stranded (ds)RNAs as defence‐inducing signals. While dsRNA recognition by dicer‐like proteins during antiviral RNA silencing is thoroughly investigated, the molecular mechanisms involved in dsRNA perception leading to antiviral PTI are just about to be untangled. Parallels to antimicrobial PTI thereby only partially facilitate our view on antiviral PTI. PTI against microbial pathogens involves plasma membrane bound receptors; however, dsRNAs produced during virus infection occur intracellularly. Hence, how dsRNA may be perceived during this immune response is still an open question. In this short review, we describe recent discoveries in PTI signalling upon sensing of microbial patterns and endogenous ‘danger’ molecules with emphasis on immune signalling‐associated subcellular trafficking processes in plants. Based on these studies, we develop different scenarios how dsRNAs could be sensed during antiviral PTI.

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Plants send small RNAs in extracellular vesicles to fungal pathogen to silence virulence genes

Cited by 874 publications

References 43 publications

A two‐way road: novel roles for fungal extracellular vesicles

A two‐way road: novel roles for fungal extracellular vesicles

Movement of small RNAs in and between plants and fungi

Perception of double‐stranded RNA in plant antiviral immunity

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