Plasmonics—high-speed photonics for co-integration with electronics

Abstract

New high-speed photonic technologies and co-integration with electronics are required to keep up with the demand of future optical communication systems. In this paper, plasmonics is presented as one of the most promising next-generation photonic technologies that already fulfils these requirements in proof-of-concept demonstrations. Plasmonics features not only modulators and detectors of highest speed, but also compactness, cost-and energy-efficiency, and compatibility with CMOS electronics. Recently, co-integration with electronics was demonstrated with record performances of 222 GBd in a hybrid InP electronic-plasmonic transmitter assembly and of 120 GBd with a monolithic BiCMOS electronicplasmonic transmitter.

Organic Electro-Optics and Optical Rectification: From Mesoscale to Nanoscale Hybrid Devices and Chip-Scale Integration of Electronics and Photonics

“…A sea change in electro-optic technology (and ultimately, optical rectification technology) has occurred with (1) the advent of the subwavelength technologies of silicon photonics and plasmonics ,− and with (2) theory-guided improvement of the r 33 values and other relevant properties of OEO materials. ,, Silicon photonics and plasmonics have facilitated a dramatic reduction in device dimensions. Plasmonic–organic hybrid (POH) device lengths can be reduced to less than 10 μm and electrode spacings to less than 50 nm (nm).…”

Influence of a gold nano-bumps surface lattice array on the propagation length of strongly coupled Tamm and surface plasmon polaritons

“…The enhancement of the local electromagnetic field at metal dielectric interfaces are widely studied for various purposes, such as sensing, [1][2][3][4][5] absorbers, 6 fast switching 7 or novel lasing 8,9 structures. The key in the field enhancement lies in the plasmonic effect, first of all due to the ability to focus optical fields to volumes below the diffraction limit.…”

“…This means that in such coupled systems, the coupling strength between the TPP and the SPP exceeds the damping rate. 7 Such polaritonic hybrid modes can be achieved when the interactions are sufficiently strong, then the energy spectrum is modified, and losses in the metal layer decreases. 21 Another way to obtain the narrow plasmonic resonances with fewer losses has been demonstrated by using metallic grating arrays.…”

Electro‐Optic Activity in Excess of 1000 pm V−1 Achieved via Theory‐Guided Organic Chromophore Design

“…[1][2][3][4] Significant improvements in device performance have been made by silicon-organic hybrid [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and plasmonicorganic hybrid. [1,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Pockels effect modulators, which have proven to be effective photonic platforms for both analog and digital applications.Achieving groundbreaking performance requires synergistic innovation from rational design of organic electrooptic (OEO) materials to device engineering and advancements in communication systems. [20,[28][29][30] As the active component for the Pockels effect, OEO materials, using conjugated π-electron systems, deliver large EO coefficients > 300 pm V −1 (>10× lithium niobate), low dielectric constant (static ε < 7), and femtosecond (<30 fs) response times.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Significant improvements in device performance have been made by silicon-organic hybrid [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and plasmonicorganic hybrid. [1,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Pockels effect modulators, which have proven to be effective photonic platforms for both analog and digital applications.…”