Polished diamond X-ray lenses

Abstract

High-quality bi-concave 2D focusing diamond X-ray lenses of apex-radius R = 100 µm produced via laser-ablation and improved via mechanical polishing are presented here. Both for polished and unpolished individual lenses and for stacks of ten lenses, the remaining figure errors determined using X-ray speckle tracking are shown and these results are compared with those of commercial R = 50 µm beryllium lenses that have similar focusing strength and physical aperture. For two stacks of ten diamond lenses (polished and unpolished) and a stack of eleven beryllium lenses, this paper presents measured 2D beam profiles out of focus and wire scans to obtain the beam size in the focal plane. These results are complemented with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of a polished and an unpolished diamond lens. Again, this is compared with the SAXS of a beryllium lens. The polished X-ray lenses show similar figure errors to commercially available beryllium lenses. While the beam size in the focal plane is comparable to that of the beryllium lenses, the SAXS signal of the polished diamond lenses is considerably lower.

Scanning high-sensitive x-ray polarization microscopy

“…The resulting surface roughness was 5 μm. The available diamond lenses were fabricated by ultrafast laser ablation and achieve a surface roughness of 1 μm [28]. Using the knife-edge method, we tested the focusing capabilities of the different lens materials when only the first CRL was placed in the beam.…”

Feasibility Analysis of Sapphire Compound Refractive Lenses for Advanced X-Ray Light Sources

“…At present, diamond composite refractive lenses can be manufactured by ion beam lithography [15] and laser pulse technology [8] can be used to manufacture diamond composite refractive lenses at present. The surface roughness of the processed diamond lens can currently reach about 20 nm [16].…”