Polyelectrolyte multilayer film modification for chemo-mechano-regulation of endothelial cell response

Abstract

The new multilayer polyelectrolyte films (PEMs) that are able to simulate the structure and functions of the extracellular matrix have become a powerful tool for tailoring biointerfaces of “cardiovascular” implants.

Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films Modification with Ag and rGO Influences Platelets Activation and Aggregate Formation under In Vitro Blood Flow

“…The surface roughness of the PEM was determined after its structure was stabilized by nanoparticles. It has been noticed that the introduction of graphene oxide flakes (average size: 5.0 ± 2.0 nm [ 16 ]) resulted in a significant decrease of roughness ( Figure 2 b,c). The surface morphology of PEMs loaded with silver nanoparticles (average size: single particle 5.0 ± 1.2 nm; aggregate 40.6 ± 4.5 nm [ 16 ]) was determined.…”

“…It has been noticed that the introduction of graphene oxide flakes (average size: 5.0 ± 2.0 nm [ 16 ]) resulted in a significant decrease of roughness ( Figure 2 b,c). The surface morphology of PEMs loaded with silver nanoparticles (average size: single particle 5.0 ± 1.2 nm; aggregate 40.6 ± 4.5 nm [ 16 ]) was determined. These coatings had significantly lower roughness than the unmodified films without nanoparticles ( Figure 2 b,c).…”

Layer-By-Layer Assemblies of Biopolymers: Build-Up, Mechanical Stability and Molecular Dynamics

“…To further increase the elastic modulus, the surface of the PEM can be modified; for instance, gold nanoparticles have been incorporated into HA/PLL PEMs, and it was found that the particles accumulated on the surface of the film and drastically increased the surface elastic modulus to a maximum of 1.3 MPa from 80 kPa [ 182 ]. Further surface modifications upon HA/PLL PEMs were performed by Mzyk et al (2016) [ 183 ], in which, in combination with GnP or 400 mM EDC/NHS, silicon carbide nanoparticles were incorporated into the PEM, giving elastic moduli of 760 and 830 kPa, respectively (increased from ~10 kPa for native PEMs). Ag nanoparticles were also incorporated and showed an increase in the elastic modulus compared to native films, but showed no such drastic increase when compared to GnP cross-linked films (213 kPa and 214 kPa, respectively), but when used in combination with 400 mM EDC/NHS, the elastic modulus was raised to ~237 kPa.…”

“…* represents p < 0.05 vs. non-cross-linked sample with graphene flakes; ** represents p < 0.05 vs. non-cross-linked sample with SiC; *** represents p < 0.05 vs. non-cross-linked sample with Ag; **** represents p < 0.05 vs. non-cross-linked sample without nanoparticles. Figure taken from reference [ 183 ], C opyright © 2020 Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsule (PEMC)-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

“…The shell can be modified for cell specific interaction by functionalising multilayers with peptides, proteins, nucleic acids (e.g., DNA, RNA, etc.) [ 177 ] and metal nanoparticles (NPs) (e.g., gold NPs) [ 178 , 179 ] as the ligands themselves or additives that are bound to specific ligands. These ligands can interact at specific sites (receptors) at the targeted cell and potentially lead to the internalisation of the capsules inside the targeted cell, that is typically driven by endocytosis.…”