Polymorphism of a semi‐crystalline diketopyrrolopyrrole‐terthiophene polymer

Li, Mengmeng; Leenaers, Pieter J.; Li, Junyu; Wienk, Martijn M.; Janssen, Raj René

doi:10.1002/pol.20200673

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[20][21][22][23][24][25] As an outstanding representative of D-A conjugated polymers, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based conjugated polymers (PDPPs) have won the favor of researchers. 26 Russell et al found that the morphology of PDPP and fullerene blend films changed from large scale heterogeneous structures to fibrous network structure when additives were used. 27 The fibrous network structure was formed through crystallization of PDPP first and then deposition of amorphous PDPP and fullerene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the crystallization process of a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based conjugated polymer in blend films

Cao

Wang

et al. 2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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The film morphology of fullerene and diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers (PDPPs) blends largely influences the device performance in organic solar cells. It is critical to control the morphology of blend films, which usually requires investigations of the crystallization of PDPP-based thin films. Here, we study the influence of marginal solvent additive 1,2-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) and non-solvent additive 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) on the crystallization of poly[2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)pyrrolo-[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione-alt-2,2 0 : 5 0 ,2 00 : 5 00 ,2 000 -quaterthiophene] (PDQT). The blends formed fibril structures in thin films, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The fibril density increased and the width decreased with the ODCB amount. The critical ODCB content to achieve constant fibril width is almost proportional to the concentration of PDQT. Higher ODCB content also results in higher fibril density in pure PDQT films. In contrast, the amount of DIO has a negligible influence on the fibril width and density of thin films. Moreover, novel dendritic fibrils were formed in PDQT films upon addition of ODCB. A model based on nucleation and growth is proposed to explain these findings. The heterogeneous nucleation was dominant with the presence of ODCB, while the homogeneous nucleation was prevailing when DIO was used. The results show that initial nucleation density and growth direction are key factors determining the fibril width.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the crystallization process of a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based conjugated polymer in blend films

Cao

Wang

et al. 2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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“…Solvent Type . The solvent affects not only the solubility of conjugated polymers but also the formation of solution-state aggregates . Generally, the polymer gradually transforms from a coil-like conformation to a globular conformation as the solvent changes from good to bad .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The solvent affects not only the solubility of conjugated polymers but also the formation of solution-state aggregates. 44 Generally, the polymer gradually transforms from a coil-like conformation to a globular conformation as the solvent changes from good to bad. 45 Not all polymers can take the shape of collapsed globules as the backbone of a conjugated polymer is rigid or semirigid.…”

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confidence: 99%

Conjugated Polymers in Solution: A Physical Perspective

Ding

Yao

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Excellent progress has been made in the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers by controlling solution-state aggregation. However, due to the wide variety and complex structures of conjugated polymers, it is still challenging to fully understand the complex aggregation process and microstructures both in solution and in the solid state. This Perspective focuses on the chain conformations and the aggregation of conjugated polymers in solution. We discuss the factors in detail which affect solution-state aggregation and microstructures from the perspective of polymer physics in solutions, including chemical structures and environmental conditions. Based on the understanding of multiple interactions of conjugated polymers in solution, strategies to regulate solid-state microstructures and obtain high-performance polymer-based devices from solution-state aggregation are summarized.

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Polymorph‐Dependent Multi‐Level Supramolecular Self‐Assembly and Local Charge Transport of a Conjugated Polymer in Solution and Solid States

Deng,

Zheng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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The polymorphic behavior of conjugated polymers enables tunable optoelectronic properties, but their transport mechanism remains elusive due to the inherent complexity and uncontrollability of polymorphic self‐assembly behaviors and electronic processes at various length scales, alongside the ambiguous relationship between solution and solid states. Herein, precise control of multi‐level supramolecular self‐assembly of a polymorphic conjugated polymer, N‐PDPP4T‐HD with two distinct semi‐crystalline aggregated phases (β1 and β2) via solvent engineering is demonstrated. β1 forms 1D worm‐like nanostructures in solution, whereas β2 generates 2D nanoscale lamellar configuration, confirmed by experimental observation and molecular dynamic simulation. Such solution‐state features are inherited in the solid state (1D nanofibers for β1 and 2D granular‐like structures for β2). X‐ray characterizations reveal larger crystalline domains on the nanometer scale, reduced π‐stacking distance on the Ångstrom scale, and diminished paracrystallinity disorder for solid‐state β2. Going beyond conventional DC transistor characterizations, contact‐free ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy to unveil AC short‐range, intrinsic transport properties is employed. Longer charge carrier scattering time and thus intrinsic mobility of β2 result in threefold higher short‐range photoconductivity than β1. This work establishes the “solution structure – solid structure – local transport” relation in polymorphic conjugated polymers and provides new opportunities for high‐performance plastic electronic devices.

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Polymorphism of a semi‐crystalline diketopyrrolopyrrole‐terthiophene polymer

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Understanding the crystallization process of a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based conjugated polymer in blend films

Understanding the crystallization process of a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based conjugated polymer in blend films

Conjugated Polymers in Solution: A Physical Perspective

Polymorph‐Dependent Multi‐Level Supramolecular Self‐Assembly and Local Charge Transport of a Conjugated Polymer in Solution and Solid States

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