Porous scaffolds for bone regeneration

Abbasi, Naghmeh; Hamlet, Stephen; Love, Robert M.; Nguyen, Nam‐Trung

doi:10.1016/j.jsamd.2020.01.007

Cited by 469 publications

(424 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…These dimensions allow the infiltration of macrophages and other cells involved in colonization, along with bacteria elimination and in vivo vascularization. In the case of pore size below < 100 µm, usually fibrous tissue or non-mineralized osteoid are formed [5]. The EDS spectrum confirms the presence of calcium phosphates elemental components.…”

Section: Composite Scaffold and Saffold Component Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…A scaffold has to be biocompatible, biodegradable and its degradation byproducts must not be toxic to the human body. Additionally, in the case of bone regeneration, scaffolds must possess other important properties like osseointegration and osseoconduction [3][4][5]. In fact, natural bone itself is a composite made out of a main inorganic part (hydroxyapatite), an organic part (type I collagen, lipids, noncollagenic proteins), and water [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomimetic Composite Scaffold Based on Naturally Derived Biomaterials

et al. 2020

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This paper proposes the development of a biomimetic composite based on naturally derived biomaterials. This freeze-dried scaffold contains a microwave-synthesized form of biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HAp), using the interwoven hierarchical structure of eggshell membrane (ESM) as bio-template. The bone regeneration capacity of the scaffold is enhanced with the help of added tricalcium phosphate from bovine Bone ash (BA). With the addition of Gelatin (Gel) and Chitosan (CS) as organic matrix, the obtained composite is characterized by the ability to stimulate the cellular response and might accelerate the bone healing process. Structural characterization of the synthesized HAp (ESM) confirms the presence of both hydroxyapatite and monetite phases, in accordance with the spectroscopy results on the ESM before and after the microwave thermal treatment (the presence of phosphate group). Morphology studies on all individual components and final scaffold, highlight their morphology and porous structure, characteristics that influence the biocompatibility of the scaffold. Porosity, swelling rate and the in vitro cytotoxicity assays performed on amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC), demonstrate the effective biocompatibility of the obtained materials. The experimental results presented in this paper highlight an original biocomposite scaffold obtained from naturally derived materials, in a nontoxic manner.

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Section: Composite Scaffold and Saffold Component Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Composite Scaffold Based on Naturally Derived Biomaterials

et al. 2020

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“…PLGA gives opportunity to produce implants with different microstructure, porosity (including variable pore size) and mechanical properties. The porosity and interconnectivity of pores are important factors influencing cell infiltration, migration, vascularization, nutrient and oxygen flow, or removal of waste [ 8 , 9 ]. Several techniques such as porogen leaching, fiber bonding, electrospinning, 3D printing, or phase separation/freeze-drying have been developed to obtain scaffolds for BTE [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Modified Poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) Scaffolds for the Treatment of Osteochondral Critical Size Defects—In Vivo Studies on Rabbits

Krok-Borkowicz

Reczyńska

Rumian

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) porous scaffolds were modified with collagen type I (PLGA/coll) or hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HAp) and implanted in rabbits osteochondral defects to check their biocompatibility and bone tissue regeneration potential. The scaffolds were fabricated using solvent casting/particulate leaching method. Their total porosity was 85% and the pore size was in the range of 250–320 µm. The physico-chemical properties of the scaffolds were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), sessile drop, and compression tests. Three types of the scaffolds (unmodified PLGA, PLGA/coll, and PLGA/HAp) were implanted into the defects created in New Zealand rabbit femoral trochlears; empty defect acted as control. Samples were extracted after 1, 4, 12, and 26 weeks from the implantation, evaluated using micro-computed tomography (µCT), and stained by Masson–Goldner and hematoxylin-eosin. The results showed that the proposed method is suitable for fabrication of highly porous PLGA scaffolds. Effective deposition of both coll and HAp was confirmed on all surfaces of the pores through the entire scaffold volume. In the in vivo model, PLGA and PLGA/HAp scaffolds enhanced tissue ingrowth as shown by histological and morphometric analyses. Bone formation was the highest for PLGA/HAp scaffolds as evidenced by µCT. Neo-tissue formation in the defect site was well correlated with degradation kinetics of the scaffold material. Interestingly, around PLGA/coll extensive inflammation and inhibited tissue healing were detected, presumably due to immunological response of the host towards collagen of bovine origin. To summarize, PLGA scaffolds modified with HAp are the most promising materials for bone tissue regeneration.

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“…Numerous studies have reported the effect of pore size on bone formation using the mean value as a scale [ 7 , 26 , 39 , 40 ]. Although the optimal mean pore sizes for bone regeneration using biodegradable polymers are still controversial, in inorganic substances, a pore size of over 100 µm is considered the preferable size [ 5 , 41 ]. In our study, the gelatin sponges prepared using ST had a larger mean pore size at the inside or the curved surfaces in comparison with those prepared using STPL and STPLB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three-dimensional porous materials have been widely used in various fields, such as regenerative medicine, as scaffolds [ 1 ], cell-seeding materials [ 2 , 3 ], or drug carriers [ 4 ]. Suitable porous structures of such materials contribute to the efficient supply of oxygen and nutrients [ 5 ], which significantly influence cell activity, such as vascular and cell ingrowth [ 6 ], and cellular differentiation [ 7 , 8 ], resulting in sufficient tissue regeneration [ 6 ]. Consequently, numerous research groups have addressed the improvement of pore size, pore alignment, and the porosity of various materials, including polymers and combinations of inorganic materials [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability

et al. 2020

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Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is widely used in the preparation of porous biomaterials. Nevertheless, limited information is known regarding the effect of gas permeability on molds to obtain porous materials. We demonstrated that the different levels of gas permeability of molds remarkably altered the pore distribution of prepared gelatin sponges and distinct bone formation at critical-sized bone defects of the rat calvaria. Three types of molds were prepared: silicon tube (ST), which has high gas permeability; ST covered with polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) film, which has low gas permeability, at the lateral side (STPL); and ST covered with PVDC at both the lateral and bottom sides (STPLB). The cross sections or curved surfaces of the sponges were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis. The gelatin sponge prepared using ST mold demonstrated wider pore size and spatial distribution and larger average pore diameter (149.2 µm) compared with that prepared using STPL and STPLB. The sponges using ST demonstrated significantly poor bone formation and bone mineral density after 3 weeks. The results suggest that the gas permeability of molds critically alters the pore size and spatial pore distribution of prepared sponges during the freeze-drying process, which probably causes distinct bone formation.

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Porous scaffolds for bone regeneration

Cited by 469 publications

References 85 publications

Biomimetic Composite Scaffold Based on Naturally Derived Biomaterials

Biomimetic Composite Scaffold Based on Naturally Derived Biomaterials

Surface-Modified Poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) Scaffolds for the Treatment of Osteochondral Critical Size Defects—In Vivo Studies on Rabbits

Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability

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