Potensi Beberapa Fungisida Nabati dalam Mengendalikan Karat Putih (Puccinia horiana Henn.) dan Perbaikan Mutu Krisan

Abstract

<p>Puccinia horiana Henn. merupakan patogen penting penyebab penyakit karat putih yang menimbulkan kerugian signifikan dalam budidaya krisan, baik bunga potong atau tanaman pot. Aplikasi fungisida sintetik yang sering diandalkan oleh petani dan pengusaha tidak hanya memerlukan biaya yang lebih mahal, namun juga berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu pemanfaatan fungisida nabati yang lebih murah dan ramah terhadap lingkungan dapat menjadi alternatif pemecahannya. Beberapa fungisida nabati seperti Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E berbahan aktif minyak atsiri cengkih, nimba, kayu manis, serai wangi, dan asam salisilat telah diproduksi dan dikomersialisasikan oleh Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Aplikasi fungisida tersebut diduga berpengaruh positif dalam menekan penyakit karat putih. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keefektifan empat produk fungisida nabati tersebut dalam mengendalikan penyakit karat putih dan meningkatkan kualitas pertumbuhan krisan. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Plastik di Poncokusumo, Malang, Jawa Timur sejak Bulan Januari hingga Desember 2010. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan ialah Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Swarna Kencana. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah 3 ml/l untuk Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E, serta 1,5 ml/l Amistartop 35 EC sebagai kontrol positif dan air sebagai kontrol negatif. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua fungisida nabati yang diuji efektif mengendalikan penyakit karat pada krisan. Perlakuan tersebut menurut uji statistik memiliki kemampuan yang sebanding dengan Amistartop. Penurunan intensitas karat putih oleh perlakuan Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, Sitron-E, dan Amistartop berturut-turut sebesar 49; 37,74; 32,43; 29,78; dan 48,33%. Aplikasi Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, diameter bunga, dan vaselife bunga. Aplikasi hasil penelitian ini dapat memberi manfaat untuk petani dan pengusaha dalam menurunkan biaya produksi serta meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan pengusaha karena harga keempat biofungisida murah dan tanpa dampak negatif terhadap kelestarian lingkungan.</p><p> </p><p>Controlling white rust disease (Puccinia horiana Henn.) on chrysanthemum with some biofungicides P. horiana Henn. is important pathogen causing white rust disease that may lead to a significant lost in chrysanthemum cultivation (both for cut flower and pot plant). Synthetic fungicide commonly applied by farmers are causing not only high production costs, but also endangering the environment. Confronting to this situation, the use of biofungicide that are considered cheaper and more environmental friendly has become a relevant and promising alternative. Several biofungicides such as Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, and Sitron-E with active ingredient of clove oil, neem, cinnamon, citronella, and salicylic acid have been commersialized by the Indonesian Medical and Spice Crops Research Institute. In this study those biofungicides were hypothesized to have great potential in control the white rust disease. The main objective of this study was to obtain information regarding the efficacy of four biofungicides in controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum. The experiment was conducted at Plastichouse in Poncokusumo, Malang, East Java from January to December 2010 by using Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Swarna Kencana as planting materials. The treatments were consisted of 3 ml/l application of Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, and Sitron-E 1.5 ml/l application of difenokonazol + azoxistrobin (Amistartop 35 EC) as a positive control and water as negative control. The experiment was set up using a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The results showed that all tested biofungicides were quite effective in controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum and had similar effectiveness in reducing disease intensity compared to Amistartop. Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, Sitron-E, and Amistartop had been able to reduce the white rust disease intensity by 49; 37.74; 32.43; 29.78; and 48.33% respectively. In the meantime, those biofungicides did not show significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, flower diameter, and flower vaselife. The use of biofungicides seems potentially promising to increase farmers income because the price of biofungicides were cheap and maintain environmental sustainability.</p>

Effects of Varieties, Cutting Health and Fungicide Application on Chrysanthemum White Rust

“…These condition, however, was still categorized as moderately low according to Yusuf et al (2012). These implied the carried inoculum in the infected seedling was the main factor of the successful infection, as also stated by Rademaker & Jong (1987) that the plant performance/ characteristic and physical environment also played important roles in the process of sporulation, spreading of viable spores, germination of spore and further development of the germinated spore in the healthy tissue.…”

“…The rust infection of fungicidetreated plants was found lower only on the early planting period and though the cumulative disease intensity increased up to 49 days, the differences were not significant until the harvesting period (Table 1). These insignificant differences on the disease intensity after 15 days of planting were predictably due to a defined factor that contributed to the failure of further rust pathogen development, since the average of rust incidence during the plant life cycle was considered low according to Yusuf et al (2012).…”

“…The severity of the damages, plant growth stages and environmental conditions have also been determined the success of specific cultural treatments in reducing white rust. Due to the fast and unpredictable spreading of the disease, most recommended treatments have been dedicated to be preventive actions such as during land preparation, on seedling stages or before the emergence of the visual symptoms (Whipps, 1993;Sheroze, Rashid, Shakir, & Khan, 2003;Budiarto, Sulyo, Nugroho, & Maaswinkel, 2007;Yusuf et al, 2012).…”

Evaluation of Biological and Chemical Fungicides to Control White Rust in Chrysanthemum Grown Under Open Condition

“…Less infection reflected the more potential photosynthetic area leading to higher photosynthetic rates. These resulted to higher assimilates for the plant into reproductive stages and organ formation (Yusuf et al, 2012), including flowering period uniformity.…”

Potensi Rizobakteria dan Fungisida Nabati Untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih Tanaman Karet

“…cubense dan mengendalikan penyakit layu Fusarium pada pisang (Emilda & Istianto, 2011). Fungisida nabati berbahan aktif eugenol + sitronelal + geraniol dapat menekan pertumbuhan jamur Puccinia horiana pada krisan (Yusuf, Nuryani, Djatnika, Hanudin, & Winarto, 2012). Katekin dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Phytophthora capsici dan mengendalikan penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada lada (Kusvianti et al, 2014).…”