Potential and Challenges of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics for Passenger Cars

Wirth, Harry; Neuhaus, D.H.; Kroyer, T.; Schmid, Andreas; Eberlein, D.; Alanis, L.E.; Mittag, M.; Basler, F.; Kutter, C.; Heinrich, Martin

doi:10.4229/eupvsec20202020-6do.11.1

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With the continuing rise of photovoltaics (PV) as one of the main pillars of our current and future energy supply system, more and more PV-related applications have appeared and grown into important subfields such as building-integrated PV, − vehicle-integrated PV, and PV-integrated electronic devices . While Si solar panels represent the main markets for rooftop solar and large-scale PV plants for the near future, many important high-value markets desire PV materials with higher flexibility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically Resonant Bulk Heterojunction PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cell

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We design an optically resonant bulk heterojunction solar cell to study optoelectronic properties of nanostructured p−n junctions. The nanostructures yield strong light−matter interaction as well as distinct charge-carrier extraction behavior, which together improve the overall power conversion efficiency. We demonstrate high-resolution substrate conformal soft-imprint lithography technology in combination with state-of-the art ZnO nanoparticles to create a nanohole template in an electron transport layer. The nanoholes are infiltrated with PbS quantum dots (QDs) to form a nanopatterned depleted heterojunction. Optical simulations show that the absorption per unit volume in the cylindrical QD absorber layer is enhanced by 19.5% compared to a planar reference. This is achieved for a square array of QD nanopillars of 330 nm height and 320 nm diameter, with a pitch of 500 nm on top of a residual QD layer of 70 nm, surrounded by ZnO. Electronic simulations show that the patterning results in a current gain of 3.2 mA/cm 2 and a slight gain in voltage, yielding an efficiency gain of 0.4%. Our simulations further show that the fill factor is highly sensitive to the patterned structure. This is explained by the electric field strength varying strongly across the patterned absorber. We outline a path toward further optimized optically resonant nanopattern geometries with enhanced carrier collection properties. We demonstrate a 0.74 mA/cm 2 current gain for a patterned cell compared to a planar cell in experiments, owing to a much improved infrared response, as predicted by our simulations.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically Resonant Bulk Heterojunction PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cell

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These studies focus primarily on vehicle parameters, including the PV systems, vehicle geometry, as well as battery and charging management systems. Heinrich et al [17] have shown that with PV on a typical sedan car roof (1.7-2 m 2 ; 20% panel efficiency), an additional annual driving distance of 1900-3400 km can be achieved in Freiburg, southern Germany. This amounts to 13-23% of the yearly mean driving distance of cars in Germany (15,000 km).…”

Section: Previous Studies On Achievable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 25% of conversion losses are caused by the DC-DC converter, ohmic losses in cables, and other conversion losses, such as the mismatch of modules (partial shading), temperature influence, and soiling [18]. The average energy consumption of state-of-the-art electric vehicles is 13 kWh/100 km [17].…”

Section: Solar Yield Calculation and Vehicle Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This correlates to a greater variability of irradiation throughout the city in the summer. Assuming an energy consumption of 13 kWh/100 km (an optimistic assumption about the vehicle's efficiency, according to Heinrich et al [17]; kept by us for compatibility with Brito et al [26]), the extended driving range (EDR) per day and month can be calculated. Table 3 shows the daily and monthly driving range gained by the solar panels for the median and favorable parking point at the 90th percentile.…”

Section: Solar Yield Potential Extended Driving Range and Cost Savingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics—A Case Study for Berlin

Hoth,

Heide,

Grahle

et al. 2024

WEVJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent developments in vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) offer prospects for enhancing electric vehicle range, lowering operating costs, and supporting carbon-neutral transport, particularly in urban settings. This study evaluates the solar energy potential of parking spaces in Berlin, considering challenges like building and tree shading using digital surface models and weather data for solar simulations. Utilizing open datasets and software, the analysis covered 48,827 parking spaces, revealing that VIPV could extend vehicle range by 7 to 14 km per day, equating to a median annual increase of 2527 km. The findings suggest median yearly cost savings of 164 euros from reduced grid charging. However, the environmental benefits of solar vehicle charging were found to be less than those of traditional grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The study introduces a method to pinpoint parking spaces that are most suitable for solar charging.

show abstract

“…The vehicle specifications are taken from the FASTSim database as is. It is assumed that onboard PV is located only on each vehicle's roof area, with 1.8 m 2 for the Leaf and 2.5 m 2 for the Tesla Model S [29]. Some of the vehicle specifications are shown in Table I.…”

Section: Vehicle Specificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of additional PV weight on the energy consumption of electric vehicles with onboard PV

Patel¹,

Bittkau²,

Pieters³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<p>Photovoltaics (PV) in onboard vehicle applications adds weight to an electric vehicle (EV), increasing the overall energy consumption. Although the added PV system weight (1.5– 40 kg) is small compared to the vehicle weight (1500–2200 kg), the power generated by PV (55–700 W) is also very small com- pared to the power needed (up to 80–285 kW) to propel an EV, making the effect of additional PV system weight on energy con- sumption a non-trivial topic to analyze. We present a method to study the impact of vehicle onboard PV weight on the energy balance of EVs for different Vehicle-added PV (VAPV) and vehi- cle-integrated PV (VIPV) configurations with eight different PV technologies, using data from vehicle onboard measurement campaigns and simulations. Simulations are carried out for the driving phase of two electric cars (medium and large passenger cars). Our method calculates the energy consumption attributa- ble to the added PV system weight (0.05–1.4 Wh/km) and PV energy yield (0.12–3.12 Wh/km) for a selection of trips. The re- sults of these simulations are expressed through a newly intro- duced parameter called “onboard PV yield factor”, where posi- tive values indicate a net energy gain and negative values indicate a net energy loss of the onboard PV system. Our results show that the onboard PV yield factor for a VAPV configuration can range between -69.1 and 86.9 %, and for a VIPV configuration, between 77.2 and 89.7 %.</p>

show abstract

Potential and Challenges of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics for Passenger Cars

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Optically Resonant Bulk Heterojunction PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cell

Optically Resonant Bulk Heterojunction PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cell

Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics—A Case Study for Berlin

Impact of additional PV weight on the energy consumption of electric vehicles with onboard PV

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About