“…PGPR isolates have been applied exogenously as seed-borne inoculants to improve seed germination, seedling fitness and crop performance (Malviya and Singh, 2012) via a variety of mechanisms. The mechanisms include increasing the availability of nutrients such as: N via BNF (Park et al, 2005); phosphorus and zinc, via solubilisation of inorganic zinc phosphate (Sharma et al, 2012); iron chelation using siderophore (Susilowati et al, 2011); production or modulation of phytohormones (Masciarelli et al, 2014); and, disease resistance through induction of host induced systemic resistance (Glick, 2012), and production of anti-fungal enzymes and antibiotic compounds (Susilowati et al, 2011). Such traits may explain the potential of PGPR to suppress root-rot pathogens (Leon et al, 2009), viruses (Khalimi and Suprapta, 2011), pathogenic fungi (Wahyudi et al, 2011a;Wahyudi et al, 2011b) and parasitic nematodes (Kloepper et al, 1992).…”