Power of Legal Concepts to Increase Organ Quantity

Bruckmüller, Karin; Schroth, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16441-0_15

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…When comparing the number of deceased donors per million population per year, in Austria this number was more than twice as high (24.3) as in Germany (10.5) in 2014 [1]. Although the number of potential donors is influenced by many other factors like social or cultural aspects, the difference between Austria and Germany can be explained by the fact that the Austrian legislator deliberately decided that the protection of a deceased person is not more important than the protection of life [3]. The confiscation of post-mortem organs implies that all inhabitants of a country are potential organ donors.…”

Section: Strategies To Prevent Organ Scarcitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This applied to 227 out of 773 cases with a positive decision and to 91 out of 370 cases in which relatives rejected organ removal in 2014 [7]. A second consequence of the unsolved documentation problem is that patients who could be saved are dying: International comparisons show that more incisive solutions lead to higher donor rates [3]. …”

Section: Obtaining Consent In Times Of Donor Shortagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three basic models are relevant to the understanding of the development of the current regulations in Germany. These models deal in substantially different ways with the trade-off between beneficence by increasing the number of available organ donors and the duty to respect autonomy and privacy [2,3,4]: i) The ‘consent solution' implies an obligation to active agreement as a prerequisite for organ removal. In a narrower sense, a donor must agree during his/her lifetime while the next of kin are not authorized to decide on his/her behalf.…”

Section: Obtaining Consent In Times Of Donor Shortagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Organ Transplantation in the Face of Donor Shortage - Ethical Implications with a Focus on Liver Allocation

Lauerer

Kaiser

Nagel³

2016

Visc Med

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Background: Transplantation medicine is associated with several ethical issues related to the lack of organs. Major questions concern the regulations for giving permission for organ removal, informing the public about organ donation, setting of organ allocation priorities, waiting list access, and strategies to counteract scarcity. Methods: This contribution is based on analyses of legal regulations, guidelines of self-regulatory bodies, administrative data, and literature from medical, normative, and empiric disciplines. It addresses the above-mentioned issues descriptively with a focus on Germany and liver transplantation. Results: The basic principle of beneficence justifies a shift from voluntariness towards an obligation to document one's decision regarding organ donation. Organ allocation is obviously tangent to fundamental values and concepts of justice. At that, there is no consistent agreement on whether to prioritize the sickest patient or to maximize the overall health benefit. Restrictions relating to waiting list access are the subject of controversies. The reasons for denial of access are largely related to high demands on the prospect of success. Strategies to counteract organ scarcity partly conflict with the respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, or justice. Conclusion: We propose to focus on recent most promising strategies to counteract scarcity in the short-term: demanding a documented decision on organ donation and an orientation towards the Spanish model of organization. Concepts for waiting list access should constantly be reviewed considering all medical evidence and must not be based on moralism. Moreover, we suggest to consider public preferences for organ allocation and strengthen the confidence in transplantation medicine.

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Section: Strategies To Prevent Organ Scarcitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obtaining Consent In Times Of Donor Shortagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obtaining Consent In Times Of Donor Shortagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Organ Transplantation in the Face of Donor Shortage - Ethical Implications with a Focus on Liver Allocation

Lauerer

Kaiser

Nagel³

2016

Visc Med

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Ethische Fragestellungen der Organspende und -verteilung

Lauerer¹,

Nagel²

2022

Repetitorium Transplantationsbeauftragte

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Perspektivität durch Verfahren. Zur Funktion des Deutschen Ethikrats

2017

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ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag fragt nach der Funktion des Deutschen Ethikrats (ER) und beantwortet diese Frage aus einer verfahrenssoziologischen Perspektive. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es dem ER als Verfahren gelingt, Perspektivendifferenzen einer funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft zu entdramatisieren, indem sich hier funktionale Äquivalente einer Konsens- und Verständigungspraxis etablieren. Anstatt die fehlenden Ressourcen des ER zur Anbahnung von Entscheidungen zu beklagen, arbeiten unsere Analysen von Wortprotokollen des ER vielmehr drei latente Verfahrensfunktionen heraus. Als Verfahren nutzt der ER die Inkommensurabilität unterschiedlicher Perspektiven geradezu als Ressource, wenn er vorführt, dass sich Wissen zur Fundierung einer Entscheidung eben nicht auf lediglich einen guten Grund gründen lässt (1). Darüber hinaus stellt die epistemische Politik des ER die Differenz unterschiedlicher sachlicher Perspektiven in ihrem Konflikt aus (2). Im ER wird dabei eine Form ethischer Rede sichtbar, die sich nicht als interaktionsnah gebaute moralische Achtung realisiert, sondern als verfahrensgebundene ethische Expertenkommunikation (3).

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Power of Legal Concepts to Increase Organ Quantity

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Organ Transplantation in the Face of Donor Shortage - Ethical Implications with a Focus on Liver Allocation

Organ Transplantation in the Face of Donor Shortage - Ethical Implications with a Focus on Liver Allocation

Ethische Fragestellungen der Organspende und -verteilung

Perspektivität durch Verfahren. Zur Funktion des Deutschen Ethikrats

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