Predicting diabetic self-care management based on the theory of planned behavior among elderly with type 2 diabetes in Thailand

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes, especially in the elderly, continues to plague the world. Thailand a developing country is not immune to these ravage effects and their distressing upsurge in health and economic societal burdens. Self-care management is an essential strategy to prevent complications and reduce type 2 diabetes complications.
 AIM: This study aimed to examine the treatment outcome and factors predicting diabetes self-care behaviors among elderly in Thailand.
 METHODS: A cross-sectional correlative predictive design using multiple linear regression models to evaluate data in elderly type 2 diabetics in Thailand (August through December 2017) to assess perceived behavioral control on diabetic self-care management. One hundred thirty-four participants data were collected via questionnaire along with individual health records becoming the foundation of this study.
 RESULTS: Most patients controlled glycemic outcome (77.9 %) through self-care behaviors at moderate rates (majority 55.9%). Subjective norms and perceived control strongly correlated with behavioral intention and self-care behaviors. Perceived behavioral control was the most important factor predicting intentions ( 4.025, p .01) and self-care management behavior (15.258, p .001). Patients responding to items regarding self-care behavior for diet, exercise and medication adherence showed favorable outcomes.
 CONCLUSION: More than half of the patients had moderate levels in self-care management and the majority had good glycemic outcomes. From the analysis, we find that perceived behavioral control is critical to predicting behavioral intention and diabetic self-care behavior among the elderly.

Effectiveness of Family Empowerment towards Diet Compliance and Family Independence in Caring for Family Members with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

“…The scores : high = > 75%, moderate = 50-74%, low = 50%; N= 0; UN = 0; Y = 1; NA=0 N = no; UN = Unclear; Y = Yes; NA = Not Aplicable clients are not aware of this diet problem 34 . One of the ways to increase patient knowledge about diet management is to use a family empowerment approach 30 . Through the family empowerment approach, the facilitator can provide materials to increase patient understanding and provide awareness to diabetics about the importance of maintaining diet and diet 35 .…”

“…39 , this is in line with the previous theory and explanation 40 . Facilitators or health workers must facilitate and pay more attention to the perception of control that is felt by the main patient in dietary behavior and activity patterns, this is because each patient has a different relationship so that it cannot be generalized 30 . Other writings include the policies carried out for routine blood glucose, routine medication, dietary management, physical activity and self-care 41 .…”

Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory on the Effect of the Community Health Center Tertiary Preventive Behavior among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multilevel Analysis

“…Diabetics with subjective norms that support in-creased tertiary prevention behavior were 0.79 units higher than those with unsupportive subjective norm. Wongrith (2019) mentioned that most patients have subjective norms that support and positive attitudes toward healthy eating behavior, good exercise, and medication adherence, which results in strong perceptions, thus enabling them to have strong intentions to conduct behavior. Subjective norms and perceived control are highly correlated with behavioral intentions and selfcare behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes.…”

“…Concern by family members supports strong predictions with behavior control for patients to perform self-care behavior (these variables account for 30% of the general variants). It is important for health care providers to assess sources of social support and integrate the results of these assessments to ensure patient empowerment during diabetes education (Wongrith, 2019).…”

“…Family support and physician trust have a major influence on the acceptance and performance of diabetes self-care management (DSCM) and are very important for further improvement. The influence of subjective norms that support improving behavior includes the prevention of tertiary type 2 diabetes (Wongrith, 2019).…”