“…Referring to leisure constraints, tourism constraints have three dimensions, namely intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural (Crawford et al in Park, 2017). First, intrapersonal constraints reflect the individual's physical, psychological, and cognitive conditions, such as physical illness, stress, anxiety, depression, beliefs, and subjective evaluation (Kono et al, 2020;Gassiot et al, 2018;Priporas et al, 2014). Ozdemir and Yildiz (2020) also found that the COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on changing tourists' travel perspectives negatively due to the psychological condition of tourists.…”