“…Approach biases have been documented for alcohol (Ernst et al, 2011;Palfai & Ostafin, 2003;Peeters et al, 2012;Wiers, Rinck, Kordts, Houben, & Strack, 2010), tobacco (Bradley, Field, Healy, & Mogg, 2008;Mogg, Bradley, Field, & De Houwer, 2003) and cannabis (Cousijn et al, 2011;Field, Eastwood, Bradley, & Mogg, 2006). Although some studies have demonstrated that approach biases can broadly predict consumption patterns for some substances (e.g., cannabis and alcohol; Cousijn et al, 2011;Cousijn et al, 2012;Palfai & Ostafin, 2003), in other studies the relationship between approach action tendencies and consumption is less clear (Fernie et al, 2013;Field, Caren, Fernie, & De Houwer, 2011).…”