Preparation and characterization of activated carbon for hydrogen storage from waste African oil-palm by microwave-induced LiOH basic activation

González-Navarro, María Fernanda; Giraldo, Liliana; Moreno–Piraján, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2014.02.006

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Abdul Rani [52] synthesized activated carbon from EFB and found that their fixed carbon content increased from 48.48 to 68.32 wt.% due to the release of volatile matter. Based on the works of literature discussed, most of the palm oil products such as empty fruit bunches [16,19,57], oil palm fibers [58][59][60], and even oil palm shells [19,59,[61][62][63][64] are favorable to synthesized into activated carbons, biochar, and nanofiller epoxy. Later, other CNMs such as reduced graphene oxide [65] or CNT [66] are generated from the activated carbon of palm oil by-products.…”

Section: Problem Encountered Post Palm Oil Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the recent trend in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials derived from oil palm by-product materials

Zakaria

Rozali

Mubarak

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Grown only in humid tropical conditions, the palm tree provides high-quality oil essential for cooking and personal care or biofuel in the energy sector. After the refining process, this demand could cause numerous oil palm biomass waste management problems. However, the emergence of carbon nanomaterials or CNMs could be a great way to put this waste to a good cause. The composition of the palm waste can be used as a green precursor or starting materials for synthesizing CNMs. Hence, this review paper summarizes the recent progress for the CNMs production for the past 10 years. This review paper extensively discusses the method for processing CNMs, chemical vapor deposition, pyrolysis, and microwave by the current synthesis method. The parameters and conditions of the synthesis are also analyzed. The application of the CNMs from palm oil and future recommendations are also highlighted. Generally, this paper could be a handy guide in assisting the researchers in exploring economic yet simple procedures in synthesizing carbon-based nanostructured materials derived from palm oil that can fulfill the required applications.

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Section: Problem Encountered Post Palm Oil Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the recent trend in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials derived from oil palm by-product materials

Zakaria

Rozali

Mubarak

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…The most popular activation agents used frequently include acids, such as H 3 PO 4 , H 2 SO 4 , and HNO 3 ; alkalis, such as KOH and NaOH; and metal salts, such as ZnCl 2 and CaCl 2 . [103][104][105] Aerwards, mixtures of biomass and activation agents are pyrolyzed slowly in a temperature range of 400-1000 C under a strictly controlled atmosphere in the presence of an inert gas. 12 Finally, the activated carbon product is collected via washing and removing excess chemicals.…”

Section: Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of biomass-derived carbon-based photocatalysts for the visible-light-driven photodegradation of pollutants: a comprehensive review

2021

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“…It is a renewable and sustainable source of energy, making it advantageous as precursors for AC production 4,16‐19 . OPbACs are gaining interest in recent years (2001‐present) as potential porous carbon materials in different areas of application inclusive of electrochemical capacitors (i.e., supercapacitors), as catalyst, flue gas purification, volatile organic compounds reduction, in CH 4 and H 2 storage, metal extraction, and more recently CO 2 adsorption 20‐36 . The extensive utilization of carbon materials is attributable to tailored porous structure (i.e., high BET surface area and porosity) and surface properties varying with the preparation and activation condition, rapid adsorption rate, exceptional adsorptive properties, and inexpensiveness 15,37 …”

Section: Oil Palm Derived Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The production cost analysis of oil palm waste activated carbon: a pilot‐scale evaluation

Lai

Ngu

2020

Greenhouse Gases

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Oil palm waste has been widely used in activated carbon (AC) by applying various activation methods and degrees of processing. The aim of this paper was to conduct technoeconomic assessment for pilot-scale oil palm based AC (OPbAC) production to evaluate cost of these methods using different activation and post-activation surface modification processes. Based on the assumptions in earlier publications, the pilot-scale evaluation was estimated by summation of fixed capital investment with total annual operating costs according to the percentages of total equipment cost reported in the literature. The proposed investment in constructing and operating three different types of AC manufacturing facility is investigated by the net present value (NPV) method. The evaluation revealed that the physical activation process required lower fixed capital investment ($2.12 million) and annual operating cost ($1.53 million) compared to chemical and physiochemical processes with respective total fixed capital investment ($6.32 million) and total annual operating cost ($2.57 million). The NPV results reported that positive NPVs are evaluated for all three manufacturing facilities and the proposed investments associated with these facilities are acceptable. The highest production cost related to chemical activation with ZnCl 2 in the presence or absence of an oxidizing gas was estimated to be $3.24 per kg AC, whereas the lowest production cost of $2.72 per kg AC was found for steam activation that required no additional purchase of commodity chemicals. On the other hand, a modification by impregnation using magnesium oxide estimates the highest additional modified AC product cost at $8.60 per kg AC given its high purchased chemical price. These findings are beneficial in providing preliminary insights in terms of economic aspects for OPbAC production.

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Preparation and characterization of activated carbon for hydrogen storage from waste African oil-palm by microwave-induced LiOH basic activation

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

A review of the recent trend in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials derived from oil palm by-product materials

A review of the recent trend in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials derived from oil palm by-product materials

The development of biomass-derived carbon-based photocatalysts for the visible-light-driven photodegradation of pollutants: a comprehensive review

The production cost analysis of oil palm waste activated carbon: a pilot‐scale evaluation

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