Preparation and Characterization of Quaternized Chitosan Under Microwave Irradiation

A simple and convenient method to synthesize N-[(2-hydroxyl)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium] chitosan chloride in an ionic liquid

“…O-methyl-1-N-trimethylated chiotsan chloride, N,O-(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonio) propylated chitosan chloride and N-p-(N-methylpyridinio)methylated chitosan chloride displayed very low specific resistance, based on which three kinds of chitosan quaternary ammonium salts could be used as antistatic materials (Suzuki, Oda, Shinobu, Saimoto, & Shigemasa, 2000). During the preparation of chitosan (Jia, Shen, & Xu, 2001;Jintapattanakit, Mao, Kissel, & Junyaprasert, 2008;Rúnarsson et al, 2007;Sajomsang et al, 2010;Vallapa et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2011), 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (Fan et al, 2012;Zhang, Geng, Jiang, Li, & Huang, 2012;Sajomsang, Gonil, & Tantayanon, 2009) and EPTAC (Gorshkova et al, 2011;Qin et al, 2004;Lim & Hudson, 2004;Luo, Wang, Xia, & Wu, 2010;Sun, Du, Fan, Chen, & Yang, 2006) were commonly used. The synthesis of chitosan quaternary ammonium salts is often carried out in heterogeneous reaction media and involves large amounts of volatile organic solvents (isopropanol, DMSO) and other harsh chemicals (NaCl, LiCl, HCl and NaOH), which pollute the environment and cause health problems.…”

Effect of Quaternization Degree and Molecular Weight of Quaternized Chitosan on its Intercalation into Organo-montmorillonite

“…It was reported that DQ on chitosan was affected greatly by the molar ratios of ETA to amino groups of chitosan [13]. From Table 1, it can be observed that DQ increased with the increasing molar ratios of ETA to amino groups of chitosan.…”

“…Quaternized chitosan (QCS) was prepared by using ETA as the quaternized agent under microwave radiation according to the previous study [13]. Briefly, chitosan was dispersed in isopropyl alcohol (20.0 mL) and the mixture was adjusted to pH 9 with NaOH solution (0.5 M).…”

Quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposite resin and its adsorption behavior

“…In addition, Langmuir isotherm was better to describe the adsorption behavior of the resins. The results indicate that the nanocomposite resin on the adsorption behavior of methyl orange might be a monolayer adsorption reaction within the range of certain concentration, and the isothermal adsorption process can be well described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm [28]. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of QCMR was 478.5 mg g −1 .…”