Preparation and evaluation of an antibacterial dental cement containing quaternary ammonium salts

Abstract

A novel PQAS-containing antibacterial glass-ionomer cement has been developed. The functional QAS and their constructed PQAS were synthesized, characterized, and formulated into the light-cured cements. Compressive strength (CS) and bacterial (S. mutans and lactobacillus) viability were used to evaluate the mechanical strength and antibacterial activity of the cements. Flexural (FS) and diametral tensile strengths (DTS) were tested as well. Fuji II LC cement was used as control. The specimens were conditioned in distilled water at 37 C for 24 h prior to testing. All the PQAS-containing cements showed a significant antibacterial activity, accompanying with an initial CS reduction. The effects of chain length, loading, and grafting ratio of the QAS were significant. Increasing chain length, loading, grafting ratio significantly enhanced antibacterial activity but reduced the initial CS of the formed cements. The antibacterial effect of the substitute chain lengths from free QAS seem more significant in water than those from their polymers (PQAS) after integrating to the cement. The experimental cement showed less CS reduction and higher antibacterial activity than Fuji II LC. The long-term aging study indicates that the cement might have a long-lasting antibacterial function with no PQAS leaching. Within the limitations of this study, it appears that the experimental cement is a clinically attractive dental restorative that can be potentially used for long-lasting restorations due to its high mechanical strength and long-lasting antibacterial function.

Fully degradable antibacterial poly(ester‐phosphoester)s by ring‐opening polymerization, “click” chemistry, and quaternization

“…Many researchers have focused on the preparation of antibacterial materials . Among these antibacterial agents, polymers containing quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) have been widely investigated for their potent antimicrobial activities . However, many of these cationic polymers, such as poly (2‐(dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly (propylene‐imine) dendrimers are nondegradable, causing accumulation in the environment and harmful side effects.…”

Surface modification of polyurethane with a hydrophilic, antibacterial polymer for improved antifouling and antibacterial function

“…The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the synthesized antibacterial monomers was determined following the published protocol with a slight modification. 48 In short, colonies of bacteria were suspended in 5 ml of Tryptic soy Broth (TSB) prior to MIC testing. Two-fold serial dilutions of the synthesized monomer were prepared in TSB, followed by placing in 96-well flat-bottom microtiter plates with a volume of 250 μl per well.…”

“…Chloehexidine and dimethylsulfoxide were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. 48 The concentration of chloehexidine was used in the same range as shown for the monomers. The final concentration of dimethylsulfoxide was 2% (v/v).…”

“…MIC is designed to test inhibition effect of free compound to bacteria growth in the solution. 48 To investigate the effect of killing bacteria by contact, we need to incubate the bacteria with the modified PU disks. Figure 5 shows the effect of PVDS on the bacterial inhibition with the PU surface.…”

Development of cytocompatible antibacterial electro-spun nanofibrous composites

“…In order to prevent the harms caused by bacteria, biocides such as quaternary ammonium salts [1], metal ions [2], chitosan [3], and N-halamine compounds [4][5][6][7] are currently used widely in manufacturing antimicrobial materials. Among these, N-halamine based antibacterial materials have received intensive interest due to their unique properties, such as stability in aqueous solution and in dry storage [8], regenerable property [9], durability [10], and no toxicity to humans [11].…”