Prevalence and risk factors for isolation of methicillin‐resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> in dogs with keratitis

LoPinto, Alexander J.; Mohammed, Hussni O.; Ledbetter, Eric C.

doi:10.1111/vop.12200

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…and that ≥80% of these resistant isolates were susceptible to only amikacin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin. 11 In another study, 12 49 isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius that were resistant to oxacillin (n = 16) and were mecApositive were also resistant to ciprofloxacin (40.8%), ofloxacin (38.8%), enrofloxacin (38.8%), levofloxacin (34.7%), or moxifloxacin (4.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of topical application of 0.5% proparacaine on corneal culture results from 33 dogs, 12 cats, and 19 horses with spontaneously arising ulcerative keratitis

Edwards

Maggs

Byrne

et al. 2018

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RESULTSA total of 33 dogs, 12 cats, and 19 horses (64 animals) were enrolled in the study. Among the 33 dogs, there were 19 neutered males and 14 spayed females with a median (range) age of 8.2(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) years. Breeds represented included Shih Tzu (n = 12), Pug (8), Boston Terrier (5), Maltese Terrier…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of topical application of 0.5% proparacaine on corneal culture results from 33 dogs, 12 cats, and 19 horses with spontaneously arising ulcerative keratitis

Edwards

Maggs

Byrne

et al. 2018

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…When the condition worsens, ulcerative keratitis can develop (1,4). In addition, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been detected during treatment (1,31,32). Novel treatments for infectious diseases are now required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage Therapy Is Effective in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Equine Keratitis

Furusawa

Iwano

Hiyashimizu

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bacterial keratitis of the horse is mainly caused by staphylococci, streptococci, and pseudomonads. Of these bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa sometimes causes rapid corneal corruption and, in some cases, blindness. Antimicrobial resistance can make treatment very difficult. Therefore, new strategies to control bacterial infection are required. A bacteriophage (phage) is a virus that specifically infects and kills bacteria. Since phage often can lyse antibiotic-resistant bacteria because the killing mechanism is different, we examined the use of phage to treat horse bacterial keratitis. We isolated Myoviridae or Podoviridae phages, which together have a broad host range. They adsorb efficiently to host bacteria; more than 80% of the ⌽R18 phage were adsorbed to host cells after 30 s. In our keratitis mouse model, the administration of phage within 3 h also could kill bacteria and suppress keratitis. A phage multiplicity of infection of 100 times the host bacterial number could kill host bacteria effectively. A cocktail of two phages suppressed bacteria in the keratitis model mouse. These data demonstrated that the phages in this study could completely prevent the keratitis caused by P. aeruginosa in a keratitis mouse model. Furthermore, these results suggest that phage may be a more effective prophylaxis for horse keratitis than the current preventive use of antibiotics. Such treatment may reduce the use of antibiotics and therefore antibiotic resistance. Further studies are required to assess phage therapy as a candidate for treatment of horse keratitis. IMPORTANCEAntibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging all over the world. Bacteriophages have great potential for resolution of this problem. A bacteriophage, or phage, is a virus that infects bacteria specifically. As a novel therapeutic strategy against racehorse keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we propose the application of phages for treatment. Phages isolated in this work had in vitro effectiveness for a broad range of P. aeruginosa strains. Indeed, a great reduction of bacterial proliferation was shown in phage therapy for mouse models of P. aeruginosa keratitis. Therefore, to reduce antibiotic usage, phage therapy should be investigated and developed further.

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“…In our study, the pathogen with the highest prevalence in the eyes of the animals was SIG, which was isolated from approximately 67% of the samples investigated. For SIG, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the principal species of coagulase-positive, gram-positive commensal coccus found in the skin and mucous membranes of dogs and commonly colonizes the eyes of healthy dogs (Prado et al 2006, Lin & Petersen-Jones 2007, Oria et al 2013, LoPinto et al 2015 as well as the eyes of dogs with corneal ulceration (Wang et al 2008). In contrast gram-negative bacteria were isolated from at least one eye in 40% (26/65) of the dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The high percentage of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca with positive cultures (90.8%) compared with that in the control group (36.7%) reinforces the importance of identifying the profile and susceptibility of bacterial agents to guide antibiotic treatment (Prado et al 2006, Ledbetter et al 2009, Oria et al 2013, LoPinto et al 2015. Although the control and KCS groups had different origins (kennel x tutor), we assume that the substantially high difference in the proportions of positivity between these groups may be more related to changes in the ocular microenvironment in dogs with KCS than in the environment of the animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimal inhibitory concentration of bacteria isolated from the eyes of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from the eyes of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). We evaluated 65 dogs diagnosed with KCS and 30 healthy dogs (Control Group). Conjunctival swab samples were collected after KCS was diagnosed. Microbiological examinations were performed, including aerobic culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for chloramphenicol, tobramycin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin. MICs of the fifteen most resistant strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (Staphylococcus intermedius Group, SIG) and the fifteen most resistant strains of gram-negative bacteria were determined. By percentage, the microorganisms exhibited the highest susceptibility to polymyxin B, tobramycin and chloramphenicol and the lowest to tetracycline. Three multi-drug-resistant strains of SIG were detected: one displayed isolated susceptibility to cefazolin, another to vancomycin, and another to polymyxin B and amikacin. The species of bacteria isolated from the eyes of dogs with KCS presented variable susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. We found evidence of the emergence of quinolone-resistant strains of SIG and further evidence of increased ocular prevalence. These findings reinforce the need to identify the bacteria involved and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, as secondary infections can serve as exacerbating and perpetuating factors in KCS.

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Prevalence and risk factors for isolation of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus in dogs with keratitis

Abstract: Methicillin resistance is relatively common in Staphylococcus isolates from dogs with corneal infections, particularly among dogs belonging to healthcare workers.

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of topical application of 0.5% proparacaine on corneal culture results from 33 dogs, 12 cats, and 19 horses with spontaneously arising ulcerative keratitis

Effect of topical application of 0.5% proparacaine on corneal culture results from 33 dogs, 12 cats, and 19 horses with spontaneously arising ulcerative keratitis

Phage Therapy Is Effective in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Equine Keratitis

Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimal inhibitory concentration of bacteria isolated from the eyes of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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